Critical Response (SPANISH) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Response (SPANISH) - Essay Example Argentina gozaba de un gobierno republicano y Brasil ese mismo aà ±o cambiarà ­a su gobierno monà ¡rquico en un gobierno republicano. Estos factores contribuyeron a que ambas naciones se mostraran entusiastas con presentar sus mejores imà ¡genes ante el mundo en la Exposicià ³n Universal de Parà ­s. Fernà ¡ndez Bravo concluye su artà ­culo sobre la participacià ³n de Argentina y Brasil en este evento internacional enfatizando que desde un punto de vista estos paà ­ses fracasaron en mostrar una imagen favorable y desde otro punto de vista tuvieron à ©xito en otros aspectos. El autor citado resume su ensayo del siguiente modo: â€Å"Tanto en el pabellà ³n brasilero como en el argentino, las mercancà ­as funcionaron como actores de un espectà ¡culo en el que se intentaron reflejar nuevas imà ¡genes de la nacià ³n. En ninguno de los dos casos estos retratos parecen haber sido exitosos frente a la percepcià ³n europea, que siguià ³ considerà ¡ndolos paà ­ses exà ³ticos y todavà ­a alejados de los està ¡ndares del progreso universal. Sin embargo, en su imagen domà ©stica las iconografà ­as montadas en la Exposicià ³n Universal de 1889 parecen haber construido representaciones perdurables en la memoria colectiva: las de paà ­ses ricos en materias primas y marcados por ellas, como una cifra de la naturaleza americana nacionalizada, finalmente sometida por los dispositivos estatales que la transformaron en objeto de consumo y tambià ©n en un espectà ¡culo. Un espectà ¡culo poblado de mercancà ­as pero todavà ­a vacà ­o del sujeto colectivo que los pabellones parecà ­an querer imaginar: aq uà ©l que ayudarà ­a a construir la inmigracià ³n europea, en la que veà ­an un remedio para los problemas que aquejaban a sus naciones.† Por un lado, los pabellones de Argentina y Brasil presentaron principalmente productos agrà ­colas como sus principales bondades que les daban identidad

Data Application Development Earthquake and Breast Cancer

Data Application Development Earthquake and Breast Cancer Data Application Development for Earthquake and Breast Cancer Datasets Abstract-This report is a general study of two datasets, the first contains data from the earthquake occurred in the region of Marche, Italy in the year 2016 and the second dataset is mammography data, with mean values of measurements and structures of tumors found in patients, for both studies different techniques related to data science were applied, with the intention of revealing conclusions that a priori are impossible to visualize. Keywords-Italy Earthquake, Mammongraphy studies, MapReduce algorithm, Python. With the high processing power that modern computers have acquired, one of the scientific branches that have been most developing is data science, which consists of the generalized extraction of knowledge from information and data. Unlike statistical analysis, data science is more holistic, more global, for using large volumes of data to extract knowledge that adds value to an organization of any kind. In this project, the breast cancer dataset contains information on the geometry, size and texture of tumors found in approximately 5100 patients. The main idea with this database is to construct a predictive model that will be able to detect when a tumor is carcinogenic in other words, predict whether the cancer is benign or malignant, from the descriptions of the same one. In the other hand, the second dataset contains information about the earthquake that occurred in Italy in year 2016, contains all the replicas that occurred by three days after and all earthquakes are geotagged, with this dataset the main idea is to do data mining, to visualize the information of an innovative way, applying geospatial theory and statistical techniques specific of data science. A. Italy 2016 Earthquake Dataset This database is Open-Source accessible to the community and is part of the extensive catalog offered free of charge by the Kaggle website, its structure is as follows: template dataset Time Latitude Longitude Depth Magnitude UTC time WGS87 WGS87 Km Richter scale It has 8086 records with full data history, each row represents an earthquake event. For each event, the following properties are given: the exact timing of the event in the format Y-m-d hh:mm:s.ms the exact geographical coordinates of the event, in latitude and longitude the depth of the hypocenter in kilometers the magnitude value in Richter scale The dataset was collected from this real-time updated list from the Italian Earthquakes National Center. From now on we will call this dataset A B. Breast Cancer (Diagnostic) Data Set Features are computed from a digitized image of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass. They describe characteristics of the cell nuclei present in the image. n the 3-dimensional space is that described in [1]. Attribute Information: 1) ID number 2) Diagnosis (M = malignant, B = benign) 2)Ten real-valued features are computed for each cell nucleus: (a) radius (mean of distances from center to points on the perimeter) (b) texture (standard deviation of gray-scale values) (c) perimeter (d) area (e) smoothness (local variation in radius lengths) (f) compactness (perimeter^2 / area 1.0) (g) concavity (severity of concave portions of the contour) (h) concave points (number of concave portions of the contour) (i) symmetry (j) fractal dimension (coastline approximation 1) 3) The mean, standard error and worst or largest (mean of the three largest values) of these features were computed for each image, resulting in 30 features. For instance, field 3 is Mean Radius, field 13 is Radius SE, field 23 is Worst Radius. 4) All feature values are recoded with four significant digits. This database was obtained from Kaggle website. It belongs to their repository and is open to scientist of the world that want to study it. From now on we will call this dataset B Knowledge extraction is mainly related to the discovery process known as Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD), which refers to the non-trivial process of discovering knowledge and potentially useful information within the data contained in some information repository [2]. It is not an automatic process, it is an iterative process that exhaustively explores very large volumes of data to determine relationships. It is a process that extracts quality information that can be used to draw conclusions based on relationships or models within the data. A. Data selection Both databases were carefully chosen based on the following details: Reliable source or repository, which guarantees the reliability of the data, for this report the source is Kaggle who maintain a database open to the public and that users can comment. Data without an excessive amount of white space, since having to fill this spaces with 0 can cause distortions in the model, making the predictions or conclusions of the studies are invalid. That they contain at least 5000 rows, to make substantial the study and the conclusions had measurable. B. information preprocessing For both datasets, some simple statistical tests were performed with the intention of filling the missing data in the most effective way. For example, for the data of the B the standard deviation and the mean value was calculated, besides raising a frequency histogram to check that the data followed a Gaussian distribution, in fact the data is distributed in this way, so it was completed with values taken randomly based on the mean and standard deviation of the data, this way ensures that the missing data does not provide incorrect information. For the data of A, the average values were obtained and the latitudes and longitudes of each exact point where the earthquake occurred, rounded off in order to be able to made a geospatial label with a region of each Italian province. C. Transformation For both datasets, MapReduce algorithm was applied it is based on the HDFS data architecture. The idea is to be able to map key values, with each of the data and its header, so that the access to them is efficient, with this it is tried to give robustly to data, in addition to reducing the processing times. The main idea of this type of algorithm is to be able to maintain the data in distributed systems, although for this project only a single node was configured. D. Data Mining At this stage of the process, it is already clear how are data distributed, and it is where we decide which Machine Learning or Data Mining algorithms to apply. For the case of data set B, we decided Machine Learning algorithm based on logistic regression, starting from the following arguments: It was verified that the data follow a linear distribution and are correlated with each other. As the result is a decision, Benign or Malignant (1 or 0) The most intuitive is to apply the logistic regression to predict the diagnoses. For the second set of data the technique used will be the a posteriori study of the cataclysm with the intention of revealing conclusions about earthquake, focused on the geospatial area, starting with the labeling WGS87 and with the coordinates of each earthquake it is possible to construct a density of earthquakes by region, With this data it is possible to determine which region was most affected, which was the epicenter of the earthquake and to determine if there is a correlation between the depth of the earthquake and the magnitude. There is no period after the et in the Latin abbreviation et al. The abbreviation i.e. means that is, and the abbreviation e.g. means for example. The implementation was made in Python version 2.7. There are a few key libraries that will be used. Below is a list of the Python SciPy libraries required for implement algorithms for B: Scipy, numpy, matplotlib, pandas sklearn, patsy and statsmodels. And other few more for implement A: Pandas, Numpy, Matplotlib, Basemap, Shapely, Pysal, Descartes, Fiona, Pylabs and Statsmodels, and the architecture for store and read the data is the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is the primary storage system used by Hadoop applications. HDFS is built to support applications with large data sets, including individual files that reach into the terabytes. It uses a master/slave architecture, with each cluster consisting of a single NameNode that manages file system operations and supporting DataNodes that manage data storage on individual compute nodes. In the next image, Fig. 1 are exposed the workflow diagram for the Machine Learning algorithm applied to B dataset Figure 1: Workflow for Machine Learning algorithm And in the second one, Fig. 2 the workflow for dataset A, this workflow was constructed from the selected methodology, the idea is to follow this pattern of work to increase the productivity of research as they are work frames highly tested by qualified researchers in the area. Figure 2: Workflow for Data Mining research For the data set B, a recursion stage is considered in case the final predictions are not satisfactory, this would entail rethinking the model and to get everything values again. For data set A, the diagram is focused on maximum representation of the data to extract a substantial number of conclusions from graphs. A. Dataset A The first result obtained is a map of the central region of Italy with each of 8000 points where earthquakes occurred. Figure 3: Scatter ploting with administrative subdivision Weve drawn a scatter plot on Italy map Fig. 3, containing points with a 50 meters diameter, corresponding to each point of A dataset. This is a first step, but doesnt really tell anything interesting about the density per region merely that there were more earthquakes in Marche Italy region than in the outer places. Figure 4: Density ploting with administrative subdivision Now we can see how was the distribution Fig. 4 of the earthquake. It is clear on the map that the regions most affected were Lazio, Marche and Umbria. Figure 5: Magnitude rolling mean Most of the earthquakes occurred at a depth of 10km. This can be seen in next graph Fig. 6 by a frequency histogram of depth. Figure 6: Frequency Histogram The following table shows the 5 earthquakes with the greatest impact and their regions where they occurred. table II: Greater magnitude earthquakes Time Region Depth Magnitude 2016-08-24 Lazio 8.1 6.0 2016-08-24 Umbria 8.0 5.4 2016-10-26 Umbria 8.7 5.4 2016-10-26 Brescia 7.5 5.9 2016-10-30 Brescia 9.2 6.5 B. Dataset B We are going to look at two types of plots: Univariate plots to better understand each attribute. Multivariate plots to better understand the relationships between attributes. 1) Univariate Plots: We start with some univariate plots, that is, plots of each individual variable. Given that the input variables are numeric, we can create box and whisker plots of each. Figure 7: whisker plots Fig. 7 gives a much clearer idea of the distribution of the input attributes It looks like perhaps most of the input variables have a Gaussian distribution. This is useful to note as we can use algorithms that can exploit this assumption also this can be seen in Fig. 8. Figure 8: Frequency histogram 2) Algorithm evaluation: In this step we evaluated the most important algorithms of Machine Learning in search of which is best adapted to the data. we used statistical methods to estimate the accuracy of the models that we create on unseen data. We also want a more concrete estimate of the accuracy of the best model on unseen data by evaluating it on actual unseen data. That is, we were held back some data that the algorithms will not get to see and we will use this data to get a second and independent idea of how accurate the best model might actually be. We split the loaded dataset into two, 80% of which we used to train our models and 20% that we will hold back as a validation dataset. We evaluated 6 different algorithms: Logistic Regression (LR) Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Gaussian Naive Bayes (NB). Support Vector Machines (SVM). This is a good mixture of simple linear (LR and LDA), nonlinear (KNN, CART, NB and SVM) algorithms. We reset the random number seed before each run to ensure that the evaluation of each algorithm is performed using exactly the same data splits. It ensures the results are directly comparable. Figure 9: Algorithm comparison LR: 0.658580 (0.027300) LDA: 0.661676 (0.026534) KNN: 0.606749 (0.023558) CART: 0.569616 (0.041578) NB: 0.621194 (0.032784) SVM: 0.641823 (0.025195) The LR algorithm was the most accurate model that we tested. Now we want to get an idea of the accuracy of the model on our validation set. This will give us an independent final check on the accuracy of the best model. It is valuable to keep a validation set just in case you made a slip during training, such as overfitting to the training set or a data leak. Both will result in an overly optimistic result. We can run the LR model directly on the validation set and summarize the results as a final accuracy score, a confusion matrix and a classification report. The accuracy is 0.75 or 75%. The confusion matrix provides an indication of the 25 errors made. As we can see the data science has a wide field of work, in areas so diverse that for the case of this report ranging from medicine to cartography and seismology. With this report, it is evident how important the Machine Learning algorithms in cancer diagnosis, although this small case in study is not perfect, there are more advanced tools and more sophisticated algorithms that allow penetrating in this field of An amazing form, the author recommend a degree project where Deep Learning algorithms and deep neural networks are applied in the diagnosis of diseases. It is certainly a prominent field. On the other hand, in the first dataset, it was possible to explore tools for the management of maps and the placement of big amounts of data on these, with the main idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹exposing results that looking at the raw data is impossible to observe. This allows you to find new points of view about phenomena already happened and learn from them to improve infrastructures or tools. In short, data science is a field in full swing that will give much to talk about in recent years, we live in an age where information is power and manipulate and understand information are the tools of the future. References K. P. Bennett and O. L. Mangasarian: Robust Linear Programming Discrimination of Two Linearly Inseparable Sets, Optimization Methods and Software 1, 1992, 23-34 Williams, G. J., Huang, Z. (1996, October). A case study in knowledge acquisition for insurance risk assessment using a KDD methodology. In Proceedings of the Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, Dept. of AI, Univ. of NSW, Sydney, Australia (pp. 117-129).

The Challenge :: Education School Teaching Learning Essays

The Challenge The SCANS report challenged schools, parents, and businesses to help all students develop competencies in the basic skills, thinking skills, and personal qualities required for work in the current and future workplace. It identified five broad categories of competencies that would lead to successful transition from school to work (SCANS 1991): - Resources-Identifies, organizes, plans, and allocates resources - Interpersonal-Works with others on teams, teaches others, serves clients, exercises leadership, negotiates, and works with diversity - Information-Acquires, organizes, interprets, evaluates, and communicates information - Systems-Understands complex interrelationships and can distinguish trends, predict impacts, as well as monitor and correct performance - Technology-Works with a variety of technologies and can choose appropriate tool for task The SCANS report recommended that these competencies be learned in context in the environment in which they will be applied. Thus, the need for collaboration between schools and employers became apparent, as did the need for educational reform. Guided by these factors, vocational-technical programs have been redesigned and efforts such as tech prep have been initiated to respond to the SCANS challenge. State and Local Efforts Since 1991, many educational efforts have been initiated to incorporate the SCANS skills in the vocational-technical curricula of both secondary and postsecondary institutions. The Division of Vocational Education in the Idaho Department of Education, for example, developed a curriculum framework for the state's vocational-technical programs to address the training needs of employers and students. This framework, developed by industry and education personnel, encompassed the goals outlined in the SCANS report (Idaho Department of Education 1994). Tech prep programs in many states have been developed around the SCANS competencies. The Texas Education Agency and the University of Texas at Austin developed a model that incorporates tech prep components and SCANS competencies into their health science technology education program (McCarty et al. 1994). As part of their tech prep project, 91 Indiana secondary and postsecondary educators developed 50 application-based lessons during the 1993-1994 school year. Modeled around the SCANS competencies, these lessons are designed to bridge the gap students encounter when moving from school to work, focusing on long- and short-term project topics such as "creating a videotape" (Indiana Region 10 Tech Prep Consortium 1994). Most tech prep efforts incorporate recommendations presented in the SCANS report. For example, tech prep in Ohio is characterized by six benchmarks that focus on SCANS competencies (Ohio Department of Education 1993): - Tech prep programs will demonstrate systemic change at both the secondary and

A Strong Coding Foundation

The healthcare field involves the use of medical language in note taking and diagnosis. For a professional in this are it is necessary to have the coding skills. This paper will look at importance of understanding medical terminology and anatomy in attaining these skills.Effective CodingThe most significant step in a health care profession involves learning the common medical terminology and understanding the code’s meaning. This helps in correct diagnosis and performance of procedural codes written in medical language as in a physician’s notes, thus building the coder’s confidence.The American Academy of Professional Coder's (AAPC's) offers essential courses like Medical Terminology and Anatomy, for medical coding and billing and career preparation in a non-clinical medical profession. It uses the coder’s view to introduce students to the human body in a medical coding and reimbursement profession language. It also provides the certified professional code r (CPC) exam to assess this knowledge requirement.The seriousnessIt is important to take the medical terminology course seriously in order to gain a strong medical knowledge base by avoiding the rush through text, smash through quiz and cramming for exams to ensure long term retention of information. Alternatively, different study methods such as chunking, making mental notes, creating flash cards for a chapter and memorizing by association can be used. In addition, one can also focus more on challenging areas.Application to CPC ExamThe CPC exam’s open book is a great resource for preparation as it contains anatomy images which offer more understanding. Additionally, while taking the exam, confidence and quick movement through questions is of importance.An understanding of medical terminology and anatomy is also essential in the implementation ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS which is more detailed and involves consistent terminology.ConclusionDue to the importance of knowledge termi nology and human anatomy all coders and medical records professionals should ensure that they possess it.ReferencesEricson, B., 2009. A Strong Coding Foundation: Build upon Medical Terminology andAnatomy for CPC Success. Retrieved from < http://healthinformation.advanceweb.com/Student-and-New-Grad-Center/Certifications-and-Credentials/A-Strong-Coding-Foundation.aspx> on 10th July, 2010.

Operation Zapata

Operation Zapata, or invasion in the Bay of Pigs, was developed by the CIA as a way to replace Castro' s regime by non-communist government friendly to the USA. The initial plan of the operation was revised greatly: â€Å"Kennedy thought the plan exposed the role of the United States too openly† (Sierra, J. A. , 2008). Revised operation had little chances to succeed (Sierra, J. A. , 2008), and several major failures occurred during performance of the invasion (The Bay of Pigs, n. d. ), resulting in failed operation and imprisonment of almost all CIA-trained invading troops.Initial plan was well thought out and had much more chances to succeed, but interference from the new President and his advisors made this impossible to perform and underlined dependence of intelligence agency, its activities and plans from external decisions. Cuban missile crisis was a logical consequence of failed operation Zapata. Castro feared of military interventions from the USA and decided to agree f or placement of Soviet intermediate-range nuclear missiles in Cuba (An Overview of the Crisis, n. d. ) in exchange for training and funding of Cuban army. This activity soon was discovered by CIA (Simkin J., n. d. ). Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba and demanded USSR to remove all missile bases and their content (Goldman, J. , 1997), and the crisis was launched. Due to efficient performance of intelligence agency critical information about potential enemy activity was obtained beforehand and actions that ensured national security were taken in time. If operation Zapata would be successful, Cuba would have been ruled by the non-antagonist government and USSR would have received no possibilities for the placement of nuclear missiles so close to the US territory.If intelligence had failed to discover Soviet activity on the Cuba, national security would have been endangered greatly because of Soviet nuclear missiles placed so close to the national borders. Both of these examples show how crucial is effective and unhindered performance of intelligence divisions to the national interests, for intelligence proved critical role in both of accidents mentioned. 1. An Overview of the Crisis. (n. d. ). In ThinkQuest Library. Retrieved January 8, 2009, from http://library. thinkquest. org/11046/days/index. html 2. Goldman, J. (1997). The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 18-29, 1962.Retrieved January 8, 2009, from http://www. hpol. org/jfk/cuban/ 3. Sierra, J. A. (2008). Invasion at Bay of Pigs. – The Plan. Retrieved January 8, 2009, from http://www. historyofcuba. com/history/baypigs/pigs3. htm 4. Simkin, J. (n. d. ). Cuban Missile Crisis. Retrieved January 8, 2009, from http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/COLDcubanmissile. htm 5. The Bay of Pigs. (n. d. ). In John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum: Historical Resources. Retrieved January 8, 2009, from http://www. jfklibrary. org/Historical+Resources/JFK+in+History/JFK+and+the+Bay+o

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Quotes

'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' Quotes Mark Twains novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), is the famous tale of Huckleberry Finn, who journeys down the Mississippi River with an escaped slave, Jim. The wit and wisdom of Mark Twain shines through in this novel. Here are a few famous quotations from the novel: There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth. The average man dont like trouble and danger. The pitifulest thing out is a mob; thats what an army isa mob; they dont fight with courage thats born in them, but with courage thats borrowed from their mass, and from their officers. But a mob without any MAN at the head of it is BENEATH pitifulness. Music is a good thing; and after all that soul-butter and hogwash I never see it freshen up things so, and sound so honest and bully. All I say is, kings is kings, and you got to make allowances. Take them all around, theyre a mighty ornery lot. Its the way theyre raised. Its lovely to live on a raft. We had the sky up there, all speckled with stars, and we used to lay on our backs and look up at them, and discuss about whether they was made or only just happened. We said there warnt no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft dont. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft. Pray for me! I reckoned if she knowed me shed take a job that was more nearer her size. But I bet she done it, just the sameshe was just that kind. She had the grit to pray for Judus if she took the notionthere warnt no back-down to her, I judge. I haint ever seen her since that time that I see her go out of that door; no, I haint ever seen her since, but I reckon Ive thought of her a many and a many a million times, and of her saying she would pray for me; and if ever Id a thought it would do any good for me to pray for HER, blamed if I wouldnt a done it or bust. Then away out in the woods I heard that kind of a sound that a ghost makes when it wants to tell about something thats on its mind and cant make itself understood, and so cant rest easy in its grave, and has to go about that way every night grieving.

20 Ways to Laugh

20 Ways to Laugh 20 Ways to Laugh 20 Ways to Laugh By Mark Nichol Go ahead and try this (if you’re alone, that is): Explore all the varieties of laughter you can produce, and label each one. There’s an often-distinct word or phrase for each type. Here are twenty ways to laugh, and some related expressions. 1. (Be) in stitches: to laugh 2. Belly-laugh: to laugh in a deep, hearty manner, as if from the abdomen or in such a way that one’s abdomen moves from the exertion 3. Break up: to laugh as if helplessly 4. Cachinnate: to laugh loudly and/or obnoxiously 5. Cackle: to laugh harshly or sharply 6. Chortle: to chuckle or to otherwise laugh to express satisfaction or triumph 7. Chuckle: to laugh mildly and/or quietly 8. Crack up: see â€Å"break up† 9. Crow: to laugh derisively or gloatingly 10. Giggle: to laugh with short, repetitive sounds 11. Guffaw: to laugh boisterously and/or loudly 12. Hee-haw: a synonym for guffaw 13. Horselaugh: To laugh in a way suggestive of or in imitation of a horse’s neighing or whinnying 14. Jeer: to laugh disrespectfully or mockingly 15. Scoff: to laugh derisively or dismissively 16. Snicker: to partially suppress a laugh, as if to conceal one’s mirth 17. Snigger: an alteration of snicker, with the additional connotation of mischief 18. Split (one’s) sides: to laugh convulsively, as if continuing to do so will cause one’s body to rupture 19. Titter: to laugh in an affected manner, or nervously; also a synonym of snicker and snigger 20. Twitter: a synonym of giggle or titter, but also means to chatter or to tremble as if agitated One can howl, roar, scream, shriek, snort, or whoop with laughter. One can also be said to burst (or bust) out laughing, to convulse with laughter, to die laughing, and to be helpless with laughter, as well as to roll in the aisles (as if unable to keep from falling into the aisle while seated at a humorous performance). Other idioms include â€Å"laugh your head off† and â€Å"laugh yourself silly.† Can you think of any more words or idioms? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Ã¢â‚¬Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

8th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas

8th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas 8th grade science fair projects tend to involve the scientific method and designing an experiment and not making models or explaining processes. Youll be expected to present data in the form of tables and graphs. Typed reports and posters are the norm (sorry, no handwritten text). You should do the project yourself, rather than enlist heavy-duty help from a parent or older student. Its appropriate to cite references for any information that isnt common knowledge or that draws on the work of others. 8th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas What paper airplane design flies the farthest? stays aloft the longest?What effect does soap in water have on plants? Is the effect the same at very low soap concentrations as compared with high concentrations?How much plant food is too much?Are dogs (cats/fish/etc.) colorblind? If so, is the lack of color perception compensated by better light/dark vision?What soils best support structures, such as buildings?What types of words do babies learn to speak first?Does air temperature affect how long soap bubbles last? Does relative humidity?Are goldfish water chemicals really necessary or are they an unneeded expense?Can you graft a tomato plant onto a potato plant?Do plants react to the presence of other plants? music? different colored light?What materials glow under black light? Can you use the UV light to find invisible, possibly smelly, stains in your carpet or elsewhere in your house?Will chilling an onion before cutting it keep you from crying?Does catnip repel cockroaches better than DEET? What ratio of vinegar to baking soda produces the best chemical volcano eruption?What type of plastic wrap prevents evaporation the best?What plastic wrap prevents oxidation the best?What percentage of an orange is water?Are night insects attracted to lamps because of heat or light?Can you make Jello using fresh pineapples instead of canned pineapples?Do white candles burn at a different rate than colored candles?Does the presence of detergent in water affect plant growth?Can a saturated solution of sodium chloride still dissolve Epsom salts?Does magnetism affect the growth of plants?How does the shape of an ice cube affect how quickly it melts?Do different brands of popcorn leave different amounts of unpopped kernels?How accurately do egg producers measure eggs?How do differences in surfaces affect the adhesion of tape?If you shake up different kinds or brands of soft drinks (e.g., carbonated), will they all spew the same amount?Are all potato chips equally greasy?Do the same types of mold grow on all types of bread? Does light affect the rate at which foods spoil?Can you use a household water filter to remove flavor or color from other liquids?Does the power of a microwave affect how well it makes popcorn?Do all brands of diapers absorb the same amount of liquid? Does it matter what the liquid is (water as opposed to juice or... um.. urine)?Do all dishwashing detergents produce the same amount of bubbles? Clean the same number of dishes?Is the nutritional content of different brands of a vegetable (e.g., canned peas) the same?How permanent are permanent markers? What solvents (e.g., water, alcohol, vinegar, detergent solution) will remove the ink? Do different brands/types of markers produce the same results?Is laundry detergent as effective if you use less than the recommended amount? More?Do all hairsprays hold equally well? Equally long? Does type of hair affect the results?What effect do additives have on the crystals? You could add food coloring, flavorings, or other impurities.What steps c an you take to maximize crystal size? You can affect vibration, humidity, temperature, rate of evaporation, purity of your growth medium, and time allowed for crystal growth. How do different factors affect seed germination? Factors that you could test include the intensity, duration, or type of light, the temperature, the amount of water, the presence/absence of certain chemicals, or the presence/absence of soil. You can look at the percentage of seeds that germinate or the rate at which seeds germinate.Is a seed affected by its size? Do different size seeds have different germination rates or percentages? Does seed size affect the growth rate or final size of a plant?How does cold storage affect the germination of seeds? Factors you can control include the type of seeds, length of storage, temperature of storage, and other variables, such as light and humidity.What conditions affect the ripening of fruit? Look at ethylene and enclosing a fruit in a sealed bag, temperature, light, or nearness to other pieces or fruit.How are different soils affected by erosion? You can make your own wind or water and evaluate the effects on soil. If you have access to a very cold freezer, you can look at the effects of freeze and thaw cycles. How does the pH of soil relate to the pH of the water around the soil? You can make your own pH paper, test the pH of the soil, add water, then test the pH of the water. Are the two values the same? If not, is there a relationship between them?How close does a plant have to be to a pesticide for it to work? What factors influence the effectiveness of a pesticide (rain? light? wind?)? How much can you dilute a pesticide while retaining its effectiveness? How effective are natural pest deterrents? More Science Fair Project Ideas

Macroeconomics Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomics Theory - Term Paper Example Foreign exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another currency. BOP has direct relation with the foreign exchange market as the spending of the consumer depends on the value of currency in other countries. Under the free-floating currency regime (McGregor) the balance of payment depends highly on the forces of supply and demand. In this free-floating regime, the price of the currency automatically adjusts according to the requirement which equals the supply and demand of the currency. This shows that in this market conditions, price automatically is in equilibrium in the balance of payment. There is no intervention by the government due to which the outcomes are automatically achieved by counteracting between both the current account and the capital account. This market is also termed as â€Å"self-correcting market† which fluctuates continuously based on the changing market conditions. Under the fixed-rate currency regime (Bized), intervention by the governme nt is mostly seen to regulate the exchange rate. The price in this exchange rate is not automatically adjustable as compared to the floating exchange rate. The government has to intervene to adjust the value of foreign currency to the country’s currency. ... It is an essential tool to analyze the macro-economic policy. The relation between the unemployment and income is that falling unemployment might give rise to inflation and on the other hand rising unemployment would lead to fall in the inflation. To reduce the unemployment rate, average demand must be increased which would increase the employment for short-period (Baumol and Blinder). Supposing that the economy is stable at Y. Increase in the government spending will shift the AD curve from AD to AD1 which would lead to the increase in income and reduction in the unemployment in the short term. The outward shift of the AD curve to AD1 takes the equilibrium to Y1 which creates a positive gap which is thought as the cause of rise in inflation. Due to such shift the price changes from P to P1 but due to the inward shift of the AS curve the price again shifts from P1 to P2 which shows increase of the P but the shift brought back the equilibrium at Y at P2. The major reason for the rejec tion of Keynesian theory was the weakness regarding the stagflation in 1970’s. Keynesian theory was focused on increasing the government spending when the unemployment was high and when the inflation becomes a problem the government should reduce its spending. This shows that Keynesian theory was addressed to stabilize the economy through government creating cash flows (Dornbusch, Fischer, and Startz). After the rejection of Keynesian theory regarding stagflation, New classical became the new standard. The reason behind the selection of New Classical theory as a standard was the price system which efficiently adjusted the supply and demand in all market. This theory was focused on simple basis that the equilibrium point is achieved when the quantity supplied

California Exit Exams Litigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

California Exit Exams Litigation - Essay Example A recent nationwide study by the Manhattan Institute revealed that only 32 percent of all American students leaving high school are college-ready. The picture is said to be bleaker for the so-called ELL (English Language Learner) students, which is 20 percent for African-American students and 16 percent for Hispanics. Among all the states, California has the highest population of such minority students, followed only by New York (Garcia, 1991), such that a big proportion of graduates from California's public high schools is unfit for college. To erase this blot in the state's educational landscape, the state legislature enacted the California High School Exit Exams (CAHSEE) in 1999, which was implemented on a voluntary basis in 2001 for the high school students scheduled to graduate in 2004. From that time until the exit exam was made mandatory in 2006 as a requirement for graduation of all public high school students, the program has been hounded by controversy. So far, two class ac tion suits have been filed against state authorities alleging that the exit exam is arbitrary and impracticable. This paper examines the effects of CAHSEE to see if there is really such a cause for action against the program and whether the changes set to be introduced in the rules as a consequence of the lawsuits can improve the situation. The California High School Exit Exam is one of many state-specific educational schemes given impetus by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which was enacted by the national legislature in 2001 to reduce the dropout rates and narrow the perceived achievement gap among high school students all over the US. A priority concern of NCLB is the increasing number of special education students who lag behind in academic achievement because of physical and cultural handicaps. Students with physical disabilities and those with ethnic roots, that altogether comprise 35 percent of the public high school population in California (Greene & Winters, 2004), have the highest dropout rate and the lowest ranking in academic achievement and expectations because of poverty and lack of language skills. The NCLB mandated the adoption of testing schemes to ensure that the public school system benefits all students and non-performing public schools improve their instruction. CAHSEE was California's respons e to the measure, which has similarity in content to other schemes established in about half of the American states. There are a dozen other smaller programs, including the school choice initiative and the voucher-and-charter school scheme in which students are allowed to leave public schools for better performing private ones, with appropriate assistance (Forster, 2006). In all, the common goal is to forge a 100 percent passing rate for all public high school students so no one is deprived of the opportunity to pursue a college degree. The CAHSEE consists of two main sections: English language arts (ELA) and mathematics. Under the ELA section, examinees are usually asked 72 multiple-choice questions and have to write a 2 and page essay. To obtain a passing grade in this section, the students must get 60 percent of the questions right. In the math section, which comprises 80 multiple-choice questions, the passing score is 55 percent. Sample questions in the ELA and math tests

California Exit Exams Litigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

California Exit Exams Litigation - Essay Example A recent nationwide study by the Manhattan Institute revealed that only 32 percent of all American students leaving high school are college-ready. The picture is said to be bleaker for the so-called ELL (English Language Learner) students, which is 20 percent for African-American students and 16 percent for Hispanics. Among all the states, California has the highest population of such minority students, followed only by New York (Garcia, 1991), such that a big proportion of graduates from California's public high schools is unfit for college. To erase this blot in the state's educational landscape, the state legislature enacted the California High School Exit Exams (CAHSEE) in 1999, which was implemented on a voluntary basis in 2001 for the high school students scheduled to graduate in 2004. From that time until the exit exam was made mandatory in 2006 as a requirement for graduation of all public high school students, the program has been hounded by controversy. So far, two class ac tion suits have been filed against state authorities alleging that the exit exam is arbitrary and impracticable. This paper examines the effects of CAHSEE to see if there is really such a cause for action against the program and whether the changes set to be introduced in the rules as a consequence of the lawsuits can improve the situation. The California High School Exit Exam is one of many state-specific educational schemes given impetus by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which was enacted by the national legislature in 2001 to reduce the dropout rates and narrow the perceived achievement gap among high school students all over the US. A priority concern of NCLB is the increasing number of special education students who lag behind in academic achievement because of physical and cultural handicaps. Students with physical disabilities and those with ethnic roots, that altogether comprise 35 percent of the public high school population in California (Greene & Winters, 2004), have the highest dropout rate and the lowest ranking in academic achievement and expectations because of poverty and lack of language skills. The NCLB mandated the adoption of testing schemes to ensure that the public school system benefits all students and non-performing public schools improve their instruction. CAHSEE was California's respons e to the measure, which has similarity in content to other schemes established in about half of the American states. There are a dozen other smaller programs, including the school choice initiative and the voucher-and-charter school scheme in which students are allowed to leave public schools for better performing private ones, with appropriate assistance (Forster, 2006). In all, the common goal is to forge a 100 percent passing rate for all public high school students so no one is deprived of the opportunity to pursue a college degree. The CAHSEE consists of two main sections: English language arts (ELA) and mathematics. Under the ELA section, examinees are usually asked 72 multiple-choice questions and have to write a 2 and page essay. To obtain a passing grade in this section, the students must get 60 percent of the questions right. In the math section, which comprises 80 multiple-choice questions, the passing score is 55 percent. Sample questions in the ELA and math tests

Buddism Versus Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Buddism Versus Christianity - Essay Example It is a monotheistic group of practices and beliefs founded on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament, highlighting the role of Jesus as the Savior. In Christianity, it is believed that Christ Jesus came to the world to die for the sins of mankind. This salvation is free to anyone who believes in Jesus and accepting all that He did on the cross. God’s Holiness, forgiveness of sin, propitiatory atonement, and the free gift of salvation that came through faith in Christ Jesus are the fundamental ideas that are involved in Christ’s saving role, are all foreign to Buddhism. In Buddhist religion on the other hand, Karma and Karma doctrines are the cornerstones. Buddhism is a religion that believes in fate. Karma is defined as an important metaphysical perception that is concerned with action and its consequences. This law explains the problem of suffering, the predestination of some religions, the mystery of the fate and the clear inequ ality of all mankind. Karma essentially explains that one’s past genetic inheritance, the previous experiences, plus the current choice and experience explain where and what one is today. According to Christianity, suffering is a reality that is comprehensible and it is because of sin and the fallen nature of man. Christians believe that suffering is not a mystery and most of these suffering are due to the mankind’s own injustices to one another. Christianity argues that instead of blaming the past, present and trusting the future for some mysterious Karma, God has wonderful plans for each and every person and knew us even before we were born. Buddhists do not accept the theory of transmigration of a permanent soul, whether it emanated from a heavenly essence or created by God. Buddhists believe in loving kindness (maitre or metta in pali) and compassion (karuna) to all the living creatures including animals. Buddhists strictly forbids killing an animal or eating meat for any reason and they recommend vegetarian. Buddhism teaches that if a person behaves badly, they can be reborn as animals. They do not believe in the idea of sin or the origin of sin. People are taught that everyone is fundamentally good and if they try more, they might make it to nirvana. Christians on the other hand, believe that sin exist in the world and is in human nature. They believe that the sin nature is due to the man’s rebellion towards God by being disobedient and this has been passed on through generations. Christians believe that the only way is through the salvation of Jesus Christ. Buddhism was founded by Gautama Buddha. Buddhism sees no problem in following more than one path. It is a dharmic religion and is usually practiced alongside other religions. They believe that the first central figure is Buddha. They do not believe in the supreme God. They believe in deities that are enlightened. They are striving to stop the process of rebirth and believe that t he soul is expected to lose all form, conscience and self in order to achieve Nirvana. Its branches are Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana. Geographical distribution and predominance of Buddhists are Began in North eastern India. It is also very popular in Sri Lanka, many parts of East Asia and South East Asia. Christianity is an Abrahamic religion and views all non-Abrahamic religions as paganism. Christianity was founded by The Lord Jesus Christ It

Econ reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Econ reading - Assignment Example On the contrary, Fiat money is the one that does not have intrinsic value. Fiat money may be utilized upon government decree. On the other hand, demand deposits are account balances in a bank that depositors may obtain via writing a check upon request. Therefore, demand deposits should be included in the stock money in order to measure the value of money in the stock (Mankiw, 2011). The U.S Federal Reserve System acts as a central bank, it sets monetary policies in an economy. The Federal group is appointed by the president upon senate approval. Fed can increase the amount money in circulation through open market operation, whereby, Fed can make dollars and utilize them to buy bonds this led to an increase the amount of money in circulation (Mankiw, 2011). On the contrary, banks do not hold 100 reserves because they lend some money to earn profits. The relationship between amount of reserves and amount of money in the banking system a rises because banks accepts deposits from the pub lic and lend out some deposits while ensuring proportion bank reserve is maintained (Mankiw, 2011). If bank A has a leverage ratio of 10, while Bank B has a leverage ratio of 20 whereby, similar losses on bank loans at the two banks cause the value of their assets to fall by 7 percent. The above statement indicates that bank B showed a larger change in bank capital than bank A because its capital value declined twice as much as bank A. However, the two banks remained solvent because they can be able to meet their financial obligation. Connectively, discount rate is an interest rate charged by Fed to commercial banks when advancing loans, when Fed raises discount rates, the amount of money in circulation decreases (Mankiw, 2011). Discount rate is the interest rate charged by Fed to commercial bank on borrowed funds, when Fed raises the discount rates, bank reserve decrease this in turn causes the cost of borrowing to increase. This discourages borrowing and consequently reduces the a mount of money in circulation (Mankiw, 2011). . On the other hand, a reserve requirement is the amount of funds that a bank should retain after advancing loans. Whereby, an increase in reserve requirement causes an increase in reserve ratio, this in turn leads to a decrease in money supply. Additionally, Fed can not perfectly control the supply money because it does not have control of the amount of money held in the pockets of households. Secondly, Fed does not have control of the amount of money advanced as loans by the banks (Mankiw, 2011). 2.) Answer Questions for Review #1 in the middle of page 666 The value of money may be affected through increasing price level. This is because the money tends to lose its value this further reduces the purchasing power of money. According to the quantity theory of money, an increase in quantity of money leads to an increase in inflation rates. In above connection, nominal variables are those measured in monetary terms while real variables are those that can be measured in physical terms. According to the principle of monetary neutrality, nominal variables may be affected by changes in quantity of money. Inflation is like a tax in the senses that when government print money, the amount of money held by people losses value due to increase in money supply (Mankiw, 2011). According to Fishers effect, an increase in inflation rate causes real interest to fall. On the hand, nominal interest rate increases. The cost of inflation may involve menu cost that causes the company to adjust its prices such cost of printing new catalogues, advertising to mention just but a few. The most important cost for the U.S economy is inflation cost because an increase the tax burden

Motivational Problem Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivational Problem - Term Paper Example Brown noted that she could be a supervisor within five years. After three years however, Ms. Brown retired and was replaced by Susan Rodgers, previously a Manager of Customer Service from a competitive health care organization. Ms. Rodgers manifested a leadership style that is autocratic and task oriented. She focused on adherence to policies and procedures, particularly in emphasizing sanctions for violating these policies. She did not recognize Angel’s exemplary performance and instead, criticized her openly and negatively. Ms. Rodgers, was a friend of Carrie Fischer, Angel’s colleague, her contemporary in terms of serving the same length of service but who showed lower productivity and performance than Angel. Ms. Rodgers promoted Carrie to the supervisor for the department, much to Angel’s surprise. From then on, Angel manifested a lack enthusiasm for her work, opted to become absent as much as she can, and failed to manifest the same level of performance duri ng the time when Ms. Brown headed the department. Theory of Motivation Using Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory (Herzberg, 1996), it could be deduced that Ms. Rodgers failed to provide motivational factors such as the need to recognize achievement, responsibility, growth and professional advancement through exhibiting her leadership style. Frederick Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory suggests that the factors involved in producing job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction. By focusing more on company policies, supervision, sanctions for violations of policies, Ms. Rodgers provided hygiene factors that must be present to prevent dissatisfaction but are limited in their potential to provide a positive incentive. Likewise, by promoting Carrie Fisher, she exhibited unfair ability for just and reliable performance evaluation that contributed to low morale and low productivity for Angel, and possible to the other customer serv ice staff. Theory to Describe an Intervention To motivate employees, particularly Angel, in this situation, the theory that could be used to address the dilemma is also the motivation-hygiene theory by focusing instead on the motivators. Angel should opt to elevate her concern to higher management in terms of questioning the decision of Ms. Rodgers to promote Carrie Fisher instead of her. Her performance evaluation, as proven during the time of Ms. Brown would attest her superiority over Carrie. However, she should be warned not to be demotivated and not to absent herself from work. Doing so would compromise her performance and indicate a negative feedback and would justify Ms. Rodger’s promoting Carrie. Management should effectively evaluate the problem and focus on motivating their personnel through recognizing the employees’ exemplary performance, providing opportunities for personal and professional growth through just and equitable promotions; which are all consis tent with Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. Likewise, Herzberg actually proposed job enrichment strategies (Herzberg, 1981) by making the job challenging and meaningful. Herzberg’s model is deemed to be more specific in providing a framework by which these needs can be satisfied in the work setting.

Personal Development Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Personal Development Planning - Assignment Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14 Plagiarism and Unfair Practice It is dishonest not to acknowledge the work of other people and you open yourself up to the accusation of plagiarism. All content of this assignment must be your own independent work. No text, code, diagram, or other content (not even a sentence or phrase) should be taken from another source unless this source is referenced. Referenced phrases should be placed in quotes. Each item should be referenced separately. For more information in respect of plagiarism please refer to the University Assessment Regulations at the following web address: http://quality.newport.ac.uk Plagiarism Statement I have read and understood the statement above concerning plagiarism. I confirm that the work attached is my own and that I will follow the College and University Regulations in respect of plagiarism or any other examination offence. ... Louise Hung Total Word Count: 2817 Introduction Every individual in this world has some goals and objectives established for his future which are based on his interests. The educational career is selected on primarily on the basis of these interests and also on the established goals and objectives. These goals and objectives once established serve as the guiding principles in the individual’s life who will devise a set of rules and ideas for achieving these goals. The next step is to lay out a plan for proper execution of these ideas for achieving those goals. I believe in working in the same pattern while deciding about my future goals and objectives and achieving them. Acquiring education is one part of the plan, the other one is developing the right kind of personality which is best suited for achieving those established goals and objectives. Having selected Electrical Engineering as a career based on my interest, my targets which I have set for myself serve as the biggest motivational power for me. I plan to excel in both technical and managerial skills as I plan to establish a business based on electrical engineering knowledge in future. The technical aspect of my plan is being covered by the courses I am taking in university while the managerial aspects are being polished by the way I am spend the extra time I have. I know if I have to achieve my goals I have to develop strong leadership, networking and communication skill in addition to technical skills. My activities in the co-curricular clubs which I have joined help me to master communication, networking and leadership skills by becoming part of certain teams and leading a few of them, this has also taught me how to work in a

Motivational Problem Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivational Problem - Term Paper Example Brown noted that she could be a supervisor within five years. After three years however, Ms. Brown retired and was replaced by Susan Rodgers, previously a Manager of Customer Service from a competitive health care organization. Ms. Rodgers manifested a leadership style that is autocratic and task oriented. She focused on adherence to policies and procedures, particularly in emphasizing sanctions for violating these policies. She did not recognize Angel’s exemplary performance and instead, criticized her openly and negatively. Ms. Rodgers, was a friend of Carrie Fischer, Angel’s colleague, her contemporary in terms of serving the same length of service but who showed lower productivity and performance than Angel. Ms. Rodgers promoted Carrie to the supervisor for the department, much to Angel’s surprise. From then on, Angel manifested a lack enthusiasm for her work, opted to become absent as much as she can, and failed to manifest the same level of performance duri ng the time when Ms. Brown headed the department. Theory of Motivation Using Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory (Herzberg, 1996), it could be deduced that Ms. Rodgers failed to provide motivational factors such as the need to recognize achievement, responsibility, growth and professional advancement through exhibiting her leadership style. Frederick Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory suggests that the factors involved in producing job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction. By focusing more on company policies, supervision, sanctions for violations of policies, Ms. Rodgers provided hygiene factors that must be present to prevent dissatisfaction but are limited in their potential to provide a positive incentive. Likewise, by promoting Carrie Fisher, she exhibited unfair ability for just and reliable performance evaluation that contributed to low morale and low productivity for Angel, and possible to the other customer serv ice staff. Theory to Describe an Intervention To motivate employees, particularly Angel, in this situation, the theory that could be used to address the dilemma is also the motivation-hygiene theory by focusing instead on the motivators. Angel should opt to elevate her concern to higher management in terms of questioning the decision of Ms. Rodgers to promote Carrie Fisher instead of her. Her performance evaluation, as proven during the time of Ms. Brown would attest her superiority over Carrie. However, she should be warned not to be demotivated and not to absent herself from work. Doing so would compromise her performance and indicate a negative feedback and would justify Ms. Rodger’s promoting Carrie. Management should effectively evaluate the problem and focus on motivating their personnel through recognizing the employees’ exemplary performance, providing opportunities for personal and professional growth through just and equitable promotions; which are all consis tent with Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. Likewise, Herzberg actually proposed job enrichment strategies (Herzberg, 1981) by making the job challenging and meaningful. Herzberg’s model is deemed to be more specific in providing a framework by which these needs can be satisfied in the work setting.

Who or what is the main beneficiary of globalization Essay

Who or what is the main beneficiary of globalization - Essay Example These years have as well observed a complete alteration within the former centrally designed nations of Europe. At the same time, globalization has been connected with a number of other alterations, for instance, industrial growth, moderation and deregulation. It is rather impractical to divide the economic impacts of globalization, yet distinct, from those of the earlier issues. There is the additional complexity starting from the time period during which the analysis is completes. The instantaneous as well as interim impacts may become extremely different from those of the average as well as long-standing. Regardless of these requirements, it is essential to stress that the processes of globalization are likely to generate certain socio-economic effects (Boudreaux, p. 65, 2007). Focusing initially on the economic impacts, along with the key concerns are the outcomes of globalization on competence, development and circulation. It is apparent that globalization has supported competen ce benefits in a number of ways. Static benefits increase whenever market alterations are condensed or removed. Globalization has been linked with comprehensive lessening in obstacles to the movement of goods, services in addition to parts of production. The bigger competition caused by globalization has as well formed active competence benefits via enhancements in administration as well as technology. Similarly, the substitution of state ventures by private companies has resulted in competence benefits. The value of competence benefits is obviously bigger when they take place during times of complete use of resources than when they just increase unemployment and surplus capacity. The concurrence of globalization with financial catastrophe and stagnation has intended that in the majority of nations the competence benefits because of better resource distribution seem to have highlighted the issues of poverty, unemployment as well as discrimination (Scholte, p. 344, 2005). Increased c ompetition, nationwide, as well as worldwide, possibly works in the similar direction for the majority of nations. A raise in the pace as well as level of resource flows, development of trade as well as internationalization of manufacturing can be likely to have substantial effects on revenue distribution. Nations that are successful in drawing foreign resources, savings and technology, and in enhancing growth of output as well as exports, are likely to experience increasing employment and earnings, and perhaps lessening in discrimination. On the other extreme, less competitive plus more unsound nations may go through from outflows of resources, savings, expertise and free enterprise. They possibly get trapped in a descending spiral of manufacturing, employment as well as salaries, worsening both poverty as well as discrimination (Lechner & Boli, p. 391, 2003). The general impact of these alterations is expected to be harmful on the lower class in most nations. In the industrialized nations, employment as well as earnings is stressed from three sources: 1. Bigger competition internally and from a foreign country 2. Industrial development 3. Internationalization of production The fortune of the lower class in the industrialized nations would be even poor if there were no constraints on labour resettlement. Similarly, owners of several small and medium sized ventures may endure bigger nationwide as well as worldwide competition. The main beneficiaries from globalization are individual human beings. Every year, more or less 6 million new companies are being formed around the

Hindi gk Essay Example for Free

Hindi gk Essay To acquaint students with the economic problems and solve the problems at local and national level To familiarize students with basic ideas in economics To foster an urge among students for effective participation. To prepare students to cope with stress and strain. To develop an understanding of the nations resources To develop among students a favorable attitude To help the students to understand that various sectors must develop equally. To develop among students a passion tor social Justice. To help students to acquire skills. Objectives of teaching economics at Higher Secondary Level: 1 . To acquire the knowledge of facts, terms, concepts, trends, principles, problems and processes of economics. 2. To develop understanding of trends, principles, processes, etc in economics. 3. To apply the acquired knowledge and its understanding to unfamiliar situation. 4. To acquire economic skills like drawing maps, charts, tables, diagrams, graphs, etc. 5. To evelop interest in the subject and problems related to the economic life of the people. 6. To develop desirable attitudes necessary for developing a broader outlook. ) Correlation of Economics with Commerce, Mathematics, History, Geography, Science, Languages. Meaning of correlation: 0 Technique which establishes reciprocal relationship between different subjects of the curriculum for the better and clear understanding of the subject under discussion. 0 Acc. To Raymont, No subject is ever well understood and no art is intelligently practiced, if the light which t he other studies are able to throw upon it is eliberately shut out. 0 Knowledge is one invisible whole, which cannot be divided into water tight compartments. Reasons for correlation: 0 Stability of knowledge 0 Economy of knowledge 0 Development of interest in the subject 0 Makes the burden of the curriculum light 0 Development of human and social qualities Types of Correlation: 1) Incidental Correlation: correlation between subjects occurring by chance not planned. 2) Planned Correlation: Its a deliberate attempt to correlate subjects. There are two types of planned correlation: a) Vertical Correlation- correlation of economics with various branches of economics ) Horizontal correlation- correlation of economics with other subjects c) Correlation with life. Correlation of Economics with Commerce: Main aim in Commerce is 0 to study about business, industry, trade and organization 0 study all activities beginning from production and leading up to distribution 0 study of trade, banking, export, import, book-keeping, etc All the above are closely associated with economics. Economics and commerce cannot be studied separately. They are inter-twined. Through the knowledge of commerce, it is possible to run the economy of a country more efficiently. Correlation ot Economics witn Mathematics: 0 There exists very close relationship of economics with mathematics particularly statistics. Most of the economic theories are propounded on the basis of statistical data. 0 In economics we make use of various mathematical symbols. 0 To formulate theories, Geometry and Algebra are widely used. 0 Without statistics the knowledge of economics remains incomplete. Marshall said, Statistics are the straw out of which, I like every other economist have to make b ricks. 0 To draw graphs, sketches, and tables the teacher of economics depends on mathematical knowledge. Correlation of Economics with History: 0 Both subjects are social sciences. 0 After Industrial Revolution production of quantity and quality of goods improved. Also resulted in competitive business for marketing of finished goods. Gave rise to infighting among various developed European powers which resulted in huge wars and new powers emerged. 0 First and Second World Wars were fought for economic considerations. 0 To get knowledge of various economic factors that were responsible for various historical events, we have to depend on history. 0 History tells about the economic development of various countries. When we read a particular period in history, we learn about economic conditions prevailing in that period. The beginning of medium of exchange such as gold coins and others are studied in history. Correlation of Economics with Geography: 0 In economics we study about various goods. The production is governed by various geographical factors such as nature of soil, climate. 0 Economic conditions of a country depend to a large extent on its geographical conditions. 0 India could become a great power in ancient times because of its geograp hical situation and other conditions. Agriculture, industry and other economic activities depend to a large extent on geographical factors. C] Availability of raw materials means of transport and types land (plateaus, deserts, mountains, etc) are considered in major decisions of business. 0 Certain industries and trade develop in a particular place when geographical conditions favor them. Correlation of Economics with Science: 0 Teaching is a technical Job. It requires certain qualities of head and heart. Every teacher must familiarize herself/ himself with the time honored maxims of teaching which are evolved as a result of long experience in teaching and research in ducational psychology. To explain the concept of Diminishing Marginal Utility give water to a student to drink and ask other students to observe how is urge for drinking water decreases gradually at that point of time. v) Particular to General 0 Examples and facts should be presented to students before giving them the general rules or principles. 0 Study of particular facts should lead the children themselves frame general rules and generalizations 0 Same principle adopted in inductive method of teaching 0 E. g. discuss adulteration of different products, cheating done to consumers and then teach the concept of Consumer Protection.

Volcanic Activity at Yellowstone :: essays research papers

Yellowstone is a national park covering 3,468 square miles in Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana and it is elevated 8,000 feet from the ground on a plateau. But is there still present volcanic hazard in Yellowstone? The park is covered with over 10,000 geysers, hot springs, mud pots, and travertine terraces, perhaps caused by a ?hot spot? that it overlies. A violent history suggests equally as devastating future volcanic activity, underground forces are causing the landscape to change and geysers to become more active. The real question is, if a super volcanic explosion took place, would human life exist as we know it ever again? The history of volcanic activity at Yellowstone starts with its first eruption at Huckleberry Ridge 2.1 million years ago, the leftovers reached as far as Iowa and central Texas. Then 800,000 years later, another eruption took place in Mesa Falls creating Henry Fork Caldera near Park, Montana. The last eruption took place 630,000 years ago, called the Lava Creek eruption, spewing 240 cubic miles of debris, and spreading as far as Louisiana and California. Hidden underneath the park, powerful volcanic, magnetic, and hydrothermal forces are reforming the land. Several earthquakes, uplifting, and subsidence of the landscape proves that these powers exist. Recent studies have caused scientists to think that Yellowstone could be growing larger as flowing molten rock builds up below the ground. In a period of 10 years, the volcano has risen 5 inches, not a significantly detectable difference, but it may have split the ground in the Norris Geyser Bassin that could reawaken some of the geysers, like the Steamboat. In spite of this newly found information, scientists do not speculate the volcano erupting any time soon, but with time, it will end with a super natural disaster, destroying everything in its path When Yellowstone does erupt, the United states could be covered in 3 feet of ash from the eruption. First, the pyroclastic flow would swallow most of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana. Then, like Yellowstone eruptions have done before, the world would fall into a freezing, winter lasting around 10 years. Mass famine would take place all around the world as the eruption would have devastated the agriculture, effecting the food.

Essay --

Video games have shaped this country in many ways, in such a way that no other product has even came close. This accomplishment would not have been met if it were not for its many different types games there are for sale. If someone were to ask someone that was from an era where video games were popular and you asked them about games from the old age and the new age, that gien person will either know what you are talking about and/or had the experience to play that game. That is how popular video games are in this country. There are many different types of videos games that consumers can choose from. When someone walks into a video game store, or anywhere that sells video games, they are bombarded with huge selections of games. These games vary from action games, war games, tracing games, and even role- playing games. The list of possible selections could go on and on. But, the three best types of games that have been consistently popular have been the third-person video games, first -person video games, and arcade games. Though there are many different types of video games that are out on the market, each one gives the user its own unique experience. A type of video games that I have had a lot of experience with are first person shooter games. A first person video game makes looks through the perspective of the character. This means that the only object seen is the gun or whatever object the character has in hand. Some examples of this type of game include: Call of Duty, Borderlands, Halo, and many others. Usually, these types of games makes someone feel like they are apart of the story line and really gives a feeling that he/she is right there in the action and gives players a cool outlook on the game while playing. This experien... ...s of the games and have at least played arcade games a few times. This just shows that arcade games are still popular among the children and teen population today, and still very well known and appreciated by the adult population. There are many types of video games out there for the consumer to buy and enjoy in their free time. The types of games that I thought were the most popular were first-person, third-person, and arcade games. These sought- after games have been both popular and popular throughout the world. The consumer can see this by how the demand for these types of games has been constant for a number of years. It is up to the consumer to make up their opinion if a game is good or bad. I believe everyone should give these games a chance, because they are not only the best sellers of this video game era, but are in my opinion the most enjoyable to play.

Rob Parson at Morgan Stanley

Striking the Balance of High-performance and High-value Rob Parson, a young banker with strong relationships with the important players and a proven track record in the financial services, made significant gains in building Morgan Stanley’s reputation and revenues in the financial services sector (â€Å"Rob Parson,† pp. 90, 93). He has thorough marketing and product knowledge, approaches and works with clients brilliantly, and pursues the business aggressively and successfully (â€Å"Rob Parson,† pp. 95, 96, 97). However, from the 360-degree evaluation, his â€Å"soft skills† do not appear to be as strong as his technical ones. He needs to improve his interpersonal skills, respect and trust his colleagues, and adapt to Morgan Stanley’s organizational culture (â€Å"Rob Parson†, pp. 87, 93). Being a high performer, should Parson be promoted to Managing Director? I think not. First of all, Managing Director needs to command respect for knowledge and insight among people both inside and outside the firm (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 102). From the evaluation, instead of being open to others’ ideas, Parson always thinks that he has the right answer (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 91). Second, Managing Director needs to acquire highly developed organization skills (‘Rob Parson†, p 102). Contrary to the average score of 3. 80 for professional skills, Parson was scored at only 3. 13 for his management skills (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 100). Without competent management skills, Parson will have difficulty communicating with, motivating and empowering employees. Thirdly, the ability to articulate departmental visions and strategies is an important responsibility of managing director (‘Rob Parson†, p 102). Coming from smaller investment banks, Parson kept the same work style, which conflicted with Morgan Stanley’s culture and norms(‘Rob Parson†, p 91). He will not lead a good example to employees in demonstrating Morgan Stanley’s vision and strategy. In many organizations, there are high performers like Parson who works great as an individual, but does not fit well in the organization’s value system. Both performance and value are critical factors for the health of an organization. What are some of the ways to strike the balance between the two? First of all, enhance performance by aligning organizational value with employee’s goals. When Rob Parson was invited by Paul Nasr to join Morgan Stanley, he accepted the offer primarily because he wanted to work with Nasr, not because that he would be a good fit with Morgan Stanley’s culture (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 90). Before long, conflicts will surface and a series of problems will occur. How to minimize the misalignment? The organization needs to clearly communicate its mission and vision statement to its employees. Then employees should be encouraged to find similarities of their goals and the statement. If a gap exists, managers can work with employees to identify key characteristics of the two and find a common ground. In Parson’s case, because his personal vision is not aligned with Morgan Stanley’s, he faced problems when working with other colleagues and got frustrated by not understanding what he did wrong (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 92). If his goals had been aligned with Morgan Stanley’s, he would have had a more effective working relationship and without doubt, his performance would have been greatly enhanced. Second way to achieve the balance is to drive organizational value through sustained performance. Assessing employees’ skills, investing on training programs and fostering an environment for continuous improvement are strategies for a sustained performance. Rob Parson may not be ready to be promoted to Managing Director, but inevitably, he has great potentials. What steps should be taken to make Parson a more effective leader? do something to utilize RP’s energetic, entrepreneurial nature that organ Stanley needed to penetrate the sector? _ First, I recommend that Nasr provide Parson constructive feedback and coaching. Nasr was worried about the potential risk of losing him(â€Å" Rob Parson†, p92), but if conducted in an effective way, feedback can help Parson understand more about himself and others, while coaching can help him reflect on discoveries from the feedback and make action plans for improvement. The existing 360-degree evaluation has provided factual basis, and Nasr can work together with Parson to explore unconscious mind behind certain behaviors and discuss what impact these behaviors had on others. Second, align Parson’s goals with Morgan Stanley’s vision. Before he went to work at Morgan Stanley, Parson knew that he was not the typical Morgan Stanley type (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 90), however, one does not have to be one particular type to share the same vision with the organization. I recommend that Nasr sit down with Parson, go over Parson’s personal goals, and help him identify common theme with Morgan Stanley’s vision. The more aligned Parson’s goal is with Morgan Stanley’s, the more Parsons will feel being part of the team. Parson brings Morgan Stanley experience and talent in an area it needs improvement, and Morgan Stanley provides Parson the platform to utilize his skills and expand career horizon. The link between Parson’s goals and Morgan Stanley’s vision will help Parson take ownership of Morgan Stanley’s vision greatly. Thirdly, I recommend forming a knowledge sharing community in Capital Market Services. Parson was consistently commended for his strong marketing knowledge and relationship management skills (â€Å"Rob Parson†, pp 95, 96, 97), both of which many employees lack. Other employees also have valuable experiences from different functions, which Larson was not open to listen before. â₠¬Å"Lessons learned† and â€Å"Lunch and Learn† can both be examples of implementing the knowledge sharing. Gathering collective expertise and wisdom from employees will bring team closer, and add value to achieve Morgan Stanley’s goal of becoming the world’s best investment bank (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p87). The process knowledge exchange will provide Parson more opportunities to interact with colleagues in a different environment, where everyone’s goals are aligned to enrich their knowledge base. First of all, get his buy-in of Morgan Stanley’s culture. Before he went to work at Morgan Stanley, Parson knew that he was not the typical Morgan Stanley type (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 90). I recommend that Nasr sit down with Parson, go over Parson’s personal goals, and help him identify common theme with Morgan Stanley’s vision. The more aligned Parson’s goal is with Morgan Stanley’s, the more Parson will feel be in the team. Second, I recommend that Nasr conduct feedback session between him and his peers, encourage conversation to discuss conflicts and observations. Use this as an opportunity to increase the openness and appreciation of new style and idea among the team as well. To learn and understand more about each other, May be used as an opportunity to create synergy. Rob Parson at Morgan Stanley Striking the Balance of High-performance and High-value Rob Parson, a young banker with strong relationships with the important players and a proven track record in the financial services, made significant gains in building Morgan Stanley’s reputation and revenues in the financial services sector (â€Å"Rob Parson,† pp. 90, 93). He has thorough marketing and product knowledge, approaches and works with clients brilliantly, and pursues the business aggressively and successfully (â€Å"Rob Parson,† pp. 95, 96, 97). However, from the 360-degree evaluation, his â€Å"soft skills† do not appear to be as strong as his technical ones. He needs to improve his interpersonal skills, respect and trust his colleagues, and adapt to Morgan Stanley’s organizational culture (â€Å"Rob Parson†, pp. 87, 93). Being a high performer, should Parson be promoted to Managing Director? I think not. First of all, Managing Director needs to command respect for knowledge and insight among people both inside and outside the firm (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 102). From the evaluation, instead of being open to others’ ideas, Parson always thinks that he has the right answer (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 91). Second, Managing Director needs to acquire highly developed organization skills (‘Rob Parson†, p 102). Contrary to the average score of 3. 80 for professional skills, Parson was scored at only 3. 13 for his management skills (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 100). Without competent management skills, Parson will have difficulty communicating with, motivating and empowering employees. Thirdly, the ability to articulate departmental visions and strategies is an important responsibility of managing director (‘Rob Parson†, p 102). Coming from smaller investment banks, Parson kept the same work style, which conflicted with Morgan Stanley’s culture and norms(‘Rob Parson†, p 91). He will not lead a good example to employees in demonstrating Morgan Stanley’s vision and strategy. In many organizations, there are high performers like Parson who works great as an individual, but does not fit well in the organization’s value system. Both performance and value are critical factors for the health of an organization. What are some of the ways to strike the balance between the two? First of all, enhance performance by aligning organizational value with employee’s goals. When Rob Parson was invited by Paul Nasr to join Morgan Stanley, he accepted the offer primarily because he wanted to work with Nasr, not because that he would be a good fit with Morgan Stanley’s culture (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 90). Before long, conflicts will surface and a series of problems will occur. How to minimize the misalignment? The organization needs to clearly communicate its mission and vision statement to its employees. Then employees should be encouraged to find similarities of their goals and the statement. If a gap exists, managers can work with employees to identify key characteristics of the two and find a common ground. In Parson’s case, because his personal vision is not aligned with Morgan Stanley’s, he faced problems when working with other colleagues and got frustrated by not understanding what he did wrong (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 92). If his goals had been aligned with Morgan Stanley’s, he would have had a more effective working relationship and without doubt, his performance would have been greatly enhanced. Second way to achieve the balance is to drive organizational value through sustained performance. Assessing employees’ skills, investing on training programs and fostering an environment for continuous improvement are strategies for a sustained performance. Rob Parson may not be ready to be promoted to Managing Director, but inevitably, he has great potentials. What steps should be taken to make Parson a more effective leader? do something to utilize RP’s energetic, entrepreneurial nature that organ Stanley needed to penetrate the sector? _ First, I recommend that Nasr provide Parson constructive feedback and coaching. Nasr was worried about the potential risk of losing him(â€Å" Rob Parson†, p92), but if conducted in an effective way, feedback can help Parson understand more about himself and others, while coaching can help him reflect on discoveries from the feedback and make action plans for improvement. The existing 360-degree evaluation has provided factual basis, and Nasr can work together with Parson to explore unconscious mind behind certain behaviors and discuss what impact these behaviors had on others. Second, align Parson’s goals with Morgan Stanley’s vision. Before he went to work at Morgan Stanley, Parson knew that he was not the typical Morgan Stanley type (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 90), however, one does not have to be one particular type to share the same vision with the organization. I recommend that Nasr sit down with Parson, go over Parson’s personal goals, and help him identify common theme with Morgan Stanley’s vision. The more aligned Parson’s goal is with Morgan Stanley’s, the more Parsons will feel being part of the team. Parson brings Morgan Stanley experience and talent in an area it needs improvement, and Morgan Stanley provides Parson the platform to utilize his skills and expand career horizon. The link between Parson’s goals and Morgan Stanley’s vision will help Parson take ownership of Morgan Stanley’s vision greatly. Thirdly, I recommend forming a knowledge sharing community in Capital Market Services. Parson was consistently commended for his strong marketing knowledge and relationship management skills (â€Å"Rob Parson†, pp 95, 96, 97), both of which many employees lack. Other employees also have valuable experiences from different functions, which Larson was not open to listen before. â₠¬Å"Lessons learned† and â€Å"Lunch and Learn† can both be examples of implementing the knowledge sharing. Gathering collective expertise and wisdom from employees will bring team closer, and add value to achieve Morgan Stanley’s goal of becoming the world’s best investment bank (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p87). The process knowledge exchange will provide Parson more opportunities to interact with colleagues in a different environment, where everyone’s goals are aligned to enrich their knowledge base. First of all, get his buy-in of Morgan Stanley’s culture. Before he went to work at Morgan Stanley, Parson knew that he was not the typical Morgan Stanley type (â€Å"Rob Parson†, p 90). I recommend that Nasr sit down with Parson, go over Parson’s personal goals, and help him identify common theme with Morgan Stanley’s vision. The more aligned Parson’s goal is with Morgan Stanley’s, the more Parson will feel be in the team. Second, I recommend that Nasr conduct feedback session between him and his peers, encourage conversation to discuss conflicts and observations. Use this as an opportunity to increase the openness and appreciation of new style and idea among the team as well. To learn and understand more about each other, May be used as an opportunity to create synergy.

Lamb to the Slaughter

LAMB TO THE SLAUGHTER by ROALD DAHL The room was warm, the curtains were closed, the two table lamps were lit. On the cupboard behind her there were two glasses and some drinks. Mary Maloney was waiting for her husband to come home from work. Now and again she glanced at the clock, but without anxiety: She merely wanted to satisfy herself that each minute that went by made it nearer the time when he would come home. As she bent over her sewing, she was curiously peaceful. This was her sixth month expecting a child. Her mouth and her eyes, with their new calm look, seemed larger and darker than before.When the clock said ten minutes to five, she began to listen, and a few moments later, punctually as always, she heard the car tires on the stones outside, the car door closing, footsteps passing the window, the key turning in the lock. She stood up and went forward to kiss him as he entered. â€Å"Hello, darling,† she said. â€Å"Hello,† he answered. She took his coat and hung it up. Then she made the drinks, a strong one for him and a weak one for herself; and soon she was back again in her chair with the sewing, and he was in the other chair, holding the tall glass, rolling it gently so that the ice knocked musically against the side of the glass.For her, this was always a wonderful time of day. She knew he didn't want to speak much until the first drink was finished, and she was satisfied to sit quietly, enjoying his company after the long hours alone in the house. She loved the warmth that came out of him when they were alone together. She loved the shape of his mouth, and she especially liked the way he didn't complain about being tired. â€Å"Tired, darling? † â€Å"Yes,† he sighed. â€Å"I'm thoroughly exhausted. And as he spoke, he did an unusual thing. He lifted his glass and drank it down in one swallow although there was still half of it left.He got up and went slowly to get himself another drink. â€Å"I'll get it! † she cried, jumping up. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. When he came back, she noticed that the new drink was a very strong one. She watched him as he began to drink. â€Å"I think it's a shame,† she said, â€Å"that when someone's been a policeman as long as you have, he still has to walk around all day long. † He didn't answer. â€Å"Darling,† she said,† If you're too tired to eat out tonight, as we had planned, I can fix you something. There's plenty of meat and stuff in the freezer. † Her eyes waited to an answer, a smile, a nod, but he made no sign. Anyway,† she went on. â€Å"I'll get you some bread and cheese. † â€Å"I don't want it,† he said. She moved uneasily in her chair. â€Å"But you have to have supper. I can easily fix you something. I'd like to do it. We can have lamb. Anything you want. Everything's in the freezer. † â€Å"Forget it,† he said. â€Å"But, darling, you have to eat! I'll do it anyway , and then you can have it or not, as you like. † She stood up and put placed her sewing on the table by the lamp. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. â€Å"Just for a minute, sit down. † It wasn't until then that she began to get frightened. â€Å"Go on,† he said. â€Å"Sit down. She lowered herself into the chair, watching him all the time with large, puzzled eyes. He had finished his second drink and was staring into the glass. â€Å"Listen,† he said. â€Å"I've got something to tell you. † â€Å"What is it, darling? What's the matter? † He became absolutely motionless, and he kept his head down. â€Å"This is going to be a big shock to you, I'm afraid,† he said. â€Å"But I've thought about it a good deal and I've decided that the only thing to do is to tell you immediately. † And he told her. It didn't take long, four or five minutes at most, and she sat still through it all, watching him with puzzled horror. So there it is,à ¢â‚¬  he added. â€Å"And I know it's a tough time to be telling you this, but there simply wasn't any other way. Of course, I'll give you money and see that you're taken care of. But there really shouldn't be any problem. I hope not, in any case. It wouldn't be very good for my job. † Her first instinct was not to believe any of it. She thought that perhaps she'd imagined the whole thing. Perhaps, if she acted as though she had not heard him, she would find out that none of it had ever happened. â€Å"I'll fix some supper,† she whispered.When she walked across the room, she couldn't feel her feet touching the floor. She couldn't feel anything except a slight sickness. She did everything without thinking. She went downstairs to the freezer and took hold of the first object she found. She lifted it out, and looked at it. It was wrapped in paper, so she took off the paper and looked at again — a leg of lamb. All right, then, they would have lamb for supper. She c arried it upstairs, held the thin end with both her hands. She went into the living room, saw him standing by the window with his back to her, and stopped. I've already told you,† he said. â€Å"Don't make supper for me. I'm going out. † At that point, Mary Maloney simply walked up behind him and without any pause, she swung the big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of his head. She might as well have hit him with a steel bar. She stepped back, waiting, and the strange thing was that he remained standing there for at least four or five seconds. Then he crashed onto the carpet. The violence of the crash, the noise, the small table overturning, helped to bring her out of the shock.She came out slowly, feeling cold and surprised, and she stood for a few minutes, looking at the body, still holding the piece of meat tightly with both hands. All right, she told herself. So I've killed him. It was extraordinary, now, how cl ear her mind became all of a sudden. She began thinking very fast. As the wife of a detective, she knew what the punishment would be. It made no difference to her. In fact, it would be a relief. On the other hand, what about the baby? What were the laws about murderers with unborn children? Did they kill them both — mother and child? Did they wait until the baby was born?What did they do? Mary Maloney didn't know and she wasn't prepared to take a chance. She carried the meat into the kitchen, put it into a pan, turned on the oven, and put the pan inside. Then she washed her hands, ran upstairs, sat down in front of the mirror, fixed her makeup, and tried to smile. The smile was rather peculiar. She tried again. â€Å"Hello, Sam† she said brightly, aloud. The voice sounded peculiar, too. â€Å"I want some potatoes, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of bean. s. † That was better. Both the smile and the voice sounded better now. She practiced them several times more.Then she ran downstairs, took her coat, and went out the back door, through the garden into the street. It wasn't six o'clock yet and the lights were still on in the neighborhood grocery. â€Å"Hello, Sam,† she said brightly, smiling at the man in the shop. â€Å"Good evening, Mrs. Maloney. How are you? † â€Å"I want some potatoes, please, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of beans, too. Patrick's decided he's tired and he doesn't want to eat out tonight,† she told him. â€Å"We usually go out on Thursdays, you know, and now I don't have any vegetables in the house. † â€Å"Then how about some meat, Mrs. Maloney? † asked the grocer. No, I've got meat, thanks, I've got a nice leg of lamb, from the freezer. † â€Å"Do you want these potatoes, Mrs. Maloney? â€Å"Oh, yes, they'll be fine. Two pounds, please. † â€Å"Anything else? † The grocer turned his head to one side, looking at her. â€Å"How about dessert? What are you going to give him for dessert? How about a nice piece of cake? I know he likes cake. † â€Å"Perfect,† she said. â€Å"He loves it. † And when she had bought and paid for everything, she gave her brightest smile and said, â€Å"Thank you, Sam. Good night. † And now, she told herself as she hurried back home, she was returning to her husband and he was waiting for his supper.She had to cook it well and make it taste as good as possible, because the poor man was tired; and if she found anything unusual or terrible when she got home, then it would be a shock and she would have to react with grief and horror. Of course, she was not expecting to find anything unusual at home. She was just going home with the vegetables on Thursday evening to cook dinner for husband. That's the way, she told herself. Do everything normally. Keep things absolutely natural and there'll be no need for acting at all. As she entered the kitchen by the back door, she was quietly singing to herself . Patrick! † she called. â€Å"How are you, darling? † She put the package on the table and went into the living room; and when she saw him lying there on the floor, it really was a shock. All the old love for him came back to her, and she ran over to him, knelt down beside him, and began to cry hard. It was easy. No acting was necessary. A few minutes later, she got up and went to the phone. She knew the number of the police station, and when the man at the other end answered, she cried to him. â€Å"Quick! Come quickly! Patrick's dead. † â€Å"Who's speaking? † â€Å"Mrs. Maloney. Mrs. Patrick Maloney. â€Å"Do you mean that Patrick's dead? † â€Å"I think so, † she cried. â€Å"He's lying on the floor and I think he's dead. † â€Å"We'll be there immediately,† the man said. The car came very quickly, and when she opened the front door, two policemen walked in. She knew them both. She knew nearly all the men at the police sta tion. She fell into Jack Noonan's arms, crying uncontrollably. He put her gently into a chair. â€Å"Is he dead? † she cried. â€Å"I'm afraid he is. What happened? † In a few words she told her story about going to the grocer and coming back, when she found him on the floor.While she was crying and talking, Noonan found some dried blood on the dead man's head. He hurried to the phone. Some other men began to arrive — a doctor, two detectives, a police photographer, and a man who knew about fingerprints. The detectives kept asking her a lot of questions. They always treated her kindly. She told them how she'd put the meat into the overn — â€Å"it's there now†Ã¢â‚¬â€œand how she had gone to the grocer's for vegetables and how she came back to find him lying on the floor. The two detectives were exceptionally nice to her. They searched the house.Sometimes Jack Noonan spoke to her gently. He told her that her husband had been killed by a blow to the back of the head. They were looking for the weapon. The murderer might have taken it with him, but he might have thrown it away or hidden it. — â€Å"It's the old story,† he said. â€Å"Get the weapon, and you've got the murderer. † Later, one of the detectives sat down beside her. Did she know, he asked, of anything in the house that could have been used as a weapon? Would she look around to see if anything was missing. The search went on. It began to get late — it was nearly nine o'clock.The men searching the rooms were getting tired. â€Å"Jack,† she said, â€Å"Would you like a drink? You must be extremely tired. † â€Å"Well,† he answered. â€Å"It's not allowed by police rules, but since you're a friend. † They stood around with drinks in their hands. The detectives were uncomfortable with her and they tried to say cheering things to her. Jack Noonan walked into the kitchen, came out quickly, and said, â€Å"Look, Mrs. M aloney. Did you know that your oven is still on, and the meat is still inside? † â€Å"Oh,† she said. â€Å"So it is! I'd better turn it off. † She returned with tearful eyes. â€Å"Would you do me a favor?Here you all are, all good friends of Patrick's, and you're helping to catch the man who killed him. You must be very hungry by now because it's long past your supper time, and I know that Patrick would never forgive me if I let you stay in the house without offering you anything to eat. Why don't you eat up the lamb in the oven? † â€Å"I wouldn't dream of it,† Noonan said. â€Å"Please,† she begged. â€Å"Personally, I couldn't eat a thing, but it'd be a favor to me if you ate it up. Then you can go on with your work. † The detectives hesitated, but they were hungry, and in the end, they went into the kitchen and helped themselves to supper.The woman stayed where she was and listened to them through the open door. She could hear th em speaking among themselves, and their voices were thick because their mouths were full of meat. â€Å"Have some more, Charlie. † â€Å"No, we'd better not finish it. † â€Å"She wants us to finish it. She said we ought to eat it up. † â€Å"That's a big bar the murderer must have used to hit poor Patrick. The doctor says the back of his head was broken to pieces. â€Å"That's why the weapon should be easy to find. † â€Å"Exactly what I say. † â€Å"Whoever did it, he can't carry a weapon that big around with him. â€Å" Lamb to the Slaughter LAMB TO THE SLAUGHTER by ROALD DAHL The room was warm, the curtains were closed, the two table lamps were lit. On the cupboard behind her there were two glasses and some drinks. Mary Maloney was waiting for her husband to come home from work. Now and again she glanced at the clock, but without anxiety: She merely wanted to satisfy herself that each minute that went by made it nearer the time when he would come home. As she bent over her sewing, she was curiously peaceful. This was her sixth month expecting a child. Her mouth and her eyes, with their new calm look, seemed larger and darker than before.When the clock said ten minutes to five, she began to listen, and a few moments later, punctually as always, she heard the car tires on the stones outside, the car door closing, footsteps passing the window, the key turning in the lock. She stood up and went forward to kiss him as he entered. â€Å"Hello, darling,† she said. â€Å"Hello,† he answered. She took his coat and hung it up. Then she made the drinks, a strong one for him and a weak one for herself; and soon she was back again in her chair with the sewing, and he was in the other chair, holding the tall glass, rolling it gently so that the ice knocked musically against the side of the glass.For her, this was always a wonderful time of day. She knew he didn't want to speak much until the first drink was finished, and she was satisfied to sit quietly, enjoying his company after the long hours alone in the house. She loved the warmth that came out of him when they were alone together. She loved the shape of his mouth, and she especially liked the way he didn't complain about being tired. â€Å"Tired, darling? † â€Å"Yes,† he sighed. â€Å"I'm thoroughly exhausted. And as he spoke, he did an unusual thing. He lifted his glass and drank it down in one swallow although there was still half of it left.He got up and went slowly to get himself another drink. â€Å"I'll get it! † she cried, jumping up. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. When he came back, she noticed that the new drink was a very strong one. She watched him as he began to drink. â€Å"I think it's a shame,† she said, â€Å"that when someone's been a policeman as long as you have, he still has to walk around all day long. † He didn't answer. â€Å"Darling,† she said,† If you're too tired to eat out tonight, as we had planned, I can fix you something. There's plenty of meat and stuff in the freezer. † Her eyes waited to an answer, a smile, a nod, but he made no sign. Anyway,† she went on. â€Å"I'll get you some bread and cheese. † â€Å"I don't want it,† he said. She moved uneasily in her chair. â€Å"But you have to have supper. I can easily fix you something. I'd like to do it. We can have lamb. Anything you want. Everything's in the freezer. † â€Å"Forget it,† he said. â€Å"But, darling, you have to eat! I'll do it anyway , and then you can have it or not, as you like. † She stood up and put placed her sewing on the table by the lamp. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. â€Å"Just for a minute, sit down. † It wasn't until then that she began to get frightened. â€Å"Go on,† he said. â€Å"Sit down. She lowered herself into the chair, watching him all the time with large, puzzled eyes. He had finished his second drink and was staring into the glass. â€Å"Listen,† he said. â€Å"I've got something to tell you. † â€Å"What is it, darling? What's the matter? † He became absolutely motionless, and he kept his head down. â€Å"This is going to be a big shock to you, I'm afraid,† he said. â€Å"But I've thought about it a good deal and I've decided that the only thing to do is to tell you immediately. † And he told her. It didn't take long, four or five minutes at most, and she sat still through it all, watching him with puzzled horror. So there it is,à ¢â‚¬  he added. â€Å"And I know it's a tough time to be telling you this, but there simply wasn't any other way. Of course, I'll give you money and see that you're taken care of. But there really shouldn't be any problem. I hope not, in any case. It wouldn't be very good for my job. † Her first instinct was not to believe any of it. She thought that perhaps she'd imagined the whole thing. Perhaps, if she acted as though she had not heard him, she would find out that none of it had ever happened. â€Å"I'll fix some supper,† she whispered.When she walked across the room, she couldn't feel her feet touching the floor. She couldn't feel anything except a slight sickness. She did everything without thinking. She went downstairs to the freezer and took hold of the first object she found. She lifted it out, and looked at it. It was wrapped in paper, so she took off the paper and looked at again — a leg of lamb. All right, then, they would have lamb for supper. She c arried it upstairs, held the thin end with both her hands. She went into the living room, saw him standing by the window with his back to her, and stopped. I've already told you,† he said. â€Å"Don't make supper for me. I'm going out. † At that point, Mary Maloney simply walked up behind him and without any pause, she swung the big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of his head. She might as well have hit him with a steel bar. She stepped back, waiting, and the strange thing was that he remained standing there for at least four or five seconds. Then he crashed onto the carpet. The violence of the crash, the noise, the small table overturning, helped to bring her out of the shock.She came out slowly, feeling cold and surprised, and she stood for a few minutes, looking at the body, still holding the piece of meat tightly with both hands. All right, she told herself. So I've killed him. It was extraordinary, now, how cl ear her mind became all of a sudden. She began thinking very fast. As the wife of a detective, she knew what the punishment would be. It made no difference to her. In fact, it would be a relief. On the other hand, what about the baby? What were the laws about murderers with unborn children? Did they kill them both — mother and child? Did they wait until the baby was born?What did they do? Mary Maloney didn't know and she wasn't prepared to take a chance. She carried the meat into the kitchen, put it into a pan, turned on the oven, and put the pan inside. Then she washed her hands, ran upstairs, sat down in front of the mirror, fixed her makeup, and tried to smile. The smile was rather peculiar. She tried again. â€Å"Hello, Sam† she said brightly, aloud. The voice sounded peculiar, too. â€Å"I want some potatoes, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of bean. s. † That was better. Both the smile and the voice sounded better now. She practiced them several times more.Then she ran downstairs, took her coat, and went out the back door, through the garden into the street. It wasn't six o'clock yet and the lights were still on in the neighborhood grocery. â€Å"Hello, Sam,† she said brightly, smiling at the man in the shop. â€Å"Good evening, Mrs. Maloney. How are you? † â€Å"I want some potatoes, please, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of beans, too. Patrick's decided he's tired and he doesn't want to eat out tonight,† she told him. â€Å"We usually go out on Thursdays, you know, and now I don't have any vegetables in the house. † â€Å"Then how about some meat, Mrs. Maloney? † asked the grocer. No, I've got meat, thanks, I've got a nice leg of lamb, from the freezer. † â€Å"Do you want these potatoes, Mrs. Maloney? â€Å"Oh, yes, they'll be fine. Two pounds, please. † â€Å"Anything else? † The grocer turned his head to one side, looking at her. â€Å"How about dessert? What are you going to give him for dessert? How about a nice piece of cake? I know he likes cake. † â€Å"Perfect,† she said. â€Å"He loves it. † And when she had bought and paid for everything, she gave her brightest smile and said, â€Å"Thank you, Sam. Good night. † And now, she told herself as she hurried back home, she was returning to her husband and he was waiting for his supper.She had to cook it well and make it taste as good as possible, because the poor man was tired; and if she found anything unusual or terrible when she got home, then it would be a shock and she would have to react with grief and horror. Of course, she was not expecting to find anything unusual at home. She was just going home with the vegetables on Thursday evening to cook dinner for husband. That's the way, she told herself. Do everything normally. Keep things absolutely natural and there'll be no need for acting at all. As she entered the kitchen by the back door, she was quietly singing to herself . Patrick! † she called. â€Å"How are you, darling? † She put the package on the table and went into the living room; and when she saw him lying there on the floor, it really was a shock. All the old love for him came back to her, and she ran over to him, knelt down beside him, and began to cry hard. It was easy. No acting was necessary. A few minutes later, she got up and went to the phone. She knew the number of the police station, and when the man at the other end answered, she cried to him. â€Å"Quick! Come quickly! Patrick's dead. † â€Å"Who's speaking? † â€Å"Mrs. Maloney. Mrs. Patrick Maloney. â€Å"Do you mean that Patrick's dead? † â€Å"I think so, † she cried. â€Å"He's lying on the floor and I think he's dead. † â€Å"We'll be there immediately,† the man said. The car came very quickly, and when she opened the front door, two policemen walked in. She knew them both. She knew nearly all the men at the police sta tion. She fell into Jack Noonan's arms, crying uncontrollably. He put her gently into a chair. â€Å"Is he dead? † she cried. â€Å"I'm afraid he is. What happened? † In a few words she told her story about going to the grocer and coming back, when she found him on the floor.While she was crying and talking, Noonan found some dried blood on the dead man's head. He hurried to the phone. Some other men began to arrive — a doctor, two detectives, a police photographer, and a man who knew about fingerprints. The detectives kept asking her a lot of questions. They always treated her kindly. She told them how she'd put the meat into the overn — â€Å"it's there now†Ã¢â‚¬â€œand how she had gone to the grocer's for vegetables and how she came back to find him lying on the floor. The two detectives were exceptionally nice to her. They searched the house.Sometimes Jack Noonan spoke to her gently. He told her that her husband had been killed by a blow to the back of the head. They were looking for the weapon. The murderer might have taken it with him, but he might have thrown it away or hidden it. — â€Å"It's the old story,† he said. â€Å"Get the weapon, and you've got the murderer. † Later, one of the detectives sat down beside her. Did she know, he asked, of anything in the house that could have been used as a weapon? Would she look around to see if anything was missing. The search went on. It began to get late — it was nearly nine o'clock.The men searching the rooms were getting tired. â€Å"Jack,† she said, â€Å"Would you like a drink? You must be extremely tired. † â€Å"Well,† he answered. â€Å"It's not allowed by police rules, but since you're a friend. † They stood around with drinks in their hands. The detectives were uncomfortable with her and they tried to say cheering things to her. Jack Noonan walked into the kitchen, came out quickly, and said, â€Å"Look, Mrs. M aloney. Did you know that your oven is still on, and the meat is still inside? † â€Å"Oh,† she said. â€Å"So it is! I'd better turn it off. † She returned with tearful eyes. â€Å"Would you do me a favor?Here you all are, all good friends of Patrick's, and you're helping to catch the man who killed him. You must be very hungry by now because it's long past your supper time, and I know that Patrick would never forgive me if I let you stay in the house without offering you anything to eat. Why don't you eat up the lamb in the oven? † â€Å"I wouldn't dream of it,† Noonan said. â€Å"Please,† she begged. â€Å"Personally, I couldn't eat a thing, but it'd be a favor to me if you ate it up. Then you can go on with your work. † The detectives hesitated, but they were hungry, and in the end, they went into the kitchen and helped themselves to supper.The woman stayed where she was and listened to them through the open door. She could hear th em speaking among themselves, and their voices were thick because their mouths were full of meat. â€Å"Have some more, Charlie. † â€Å"No, we'd better not finish it. † â€Å"She wants us to finish it. She said we ought to eat it up. † â€Å"That's a big bar the murderer must have used to hit poor Patrick. The doctor says the back of his head was broken to pieces. â€Å"That's why the weapon should be easy to find. † â€Å"Exactly what I say. † â€Å"Whoever did it, he can't carry a weapon that big around with him. â€Å"