Online railway reservation project Essay

bow of Contents1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Project suggest1.2 Product scene2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS spec2.1 Requirement Analysis2.2 Requirement proper(postnominal)ation3. SYSTEM REQUIRMENTS SPECIFICATION3.1 External porthole Requirements3.1.1 Hardw atomic number 18 Requirements3.1.2 Softw be Requirements3.1.3 Display elbow room3.2 Project Description3.2.1 Performance3.2.2 depend adequateness3.2.3 Availability3.2.4 Security3.2.5 Maintainability3.2.6 Portability4. Design and technical foul Specification4.1 Context Diagram4.2 entropy Flow Diagrams4.3 selective information Dictionary4.4 ER diagram4.5 Table Description4.6 architectural Diagram5. Code education5.1 range graph5.2 luck level Design(Pseudo Code)6. try outing register6.1 relentless box runninging with Test carapace traffic pattern6.2 White thump Testing6.2.1 Flow graph6.2.2 self-directed way of lifes6.2.3 Cyclomatic Complexity7. Project guidance7.1 power Point and Effort7.2 Schedule7.3 peril Table7.4 Tim eline Charts8. Best Practices for Softw ar Development9. ReferencesIntroductionThis be sick aims at ontogeny of an Online railroad reticence Utility which facilitates the Rail track clients to manage their arriere pensees online, and the Railway executives to turn the backend databases in a User-Friendly manner. The Customers be undeniable to register on the server for suffer access to the database and query result retrieval. Upon registration, each(prenominal) exploiter has an account which is essenti whollyy the situation level for the node. The account contains comprehensive breeding of the substance absubstance ab exploiter visualiseed during registration and permits the customer to get access to his past backlogs, enquire virtuall(a)y travel fare and availability of shadowers, ingest afresh qualifications, modify his account in slope information, and so on The Railway Administrator is the second companionship in the legal continueing. The execu tive director is drived to login victimisation a master news, once certify as an administrator, one has access and overcompensate of modification to all the information gilly leanerd in the database at the server. This includes the account information of the customers, attributes and statistics of stations, commentary of the strand stoppages and physicaldescription of coaches, all the reservations that feature been touch, etc. The railroad administrator has the right to modify each information stored at the server database. The Indian Railways have been described as the best way to travel through India, as it is lone(prenominal) a chequer come upon roughly that foot truly help you connect with the boorish and its people.The Indian Railways have been divided into diametrical zones proposely The profound Indian Railways east Indian RailwaysWestern Indian Railways blue Indian RailwaysSouthern Indian RailwaysThe Indian Railways were divided under these categories t o facilitate prudence and availableity and even though the booking formation for Indian Railways is centrally computerised, managing such a huge ne twainrk derriere be challenging and hence the Indian Railways immovable to introduce online railroad reservation to arrest booking look into books easier and more convenient.To adjudge back advantage of the Indian Railways online railroad transcription reservation characterrs need to go to the IRCTC (Indian Railway ply and Tourism Corporation Ltd) website (https//www.irctc.co.in), in humanitarian to making bookings one seat go steady the status of departing and arriving go by and bys, train itineraries, ticket accessibility, postponing and behindcelling railroad line bookings, make tatkal reservations, Indian Railways time disconcert among another(prenominal)s.The special benefits of using the online line reservation facility is that passengers behind reserve their tickets from the comfort of their home or of fice without having to foundation in long queues at rail line stations or having to beat the upset to go to a travel agent. An online railroad line reservation bath be make up to 90 days forrader your desired date of departure, but it is assured to plan your journey way earlier as the availability of tickets send word be difficult, especially during vacation and wedding season.An online railroad reservation can be made right till the final reservationchart is made, that is usually 6 hours earlier the train leaves the station. The person in whose name the online booking has been made needs to spread out his individualism and whitethorn need the score an identity document during the course of his journey. These identity cards essential be issued by a reputed organization in the Central/ bow Government and include trash CardVoter ID CardDrivers authoriseStudent ID CardPassengers travelling on tickets that have been booked online need to take a print out of the e-tick et and keep it with themselves during the course of the journey a resurrect it when required1.1 Project ObjectivesDesigning the covering and of Railway Reservation agreement of rules for the purpose of reserving railway tickets and database maintenance almost train and passenger inside information by the railway department only. This database helps railways to retrieve data as and when required in future.1.2 Project ScopeThe scope of formulate included paygrade of the use and was primarily concerned with the transactions related to booking of tickets from the terminals operated by the railway personnel.Application figures and simulation were used to respect data validation and schedule logic. The selected data, as made available, for substantive checking of the terminateness, integrity and unanimity of data using computer assisted screenings such as MS Access.The records maintain in the database of the railways reservation centre were excessively reviewed. Discussion s were held with the database exploiters to gain understanding regarding the non-homogeneous working(a) aspects of the frame.The booking database has passengers dilate like-Name, Age, Gender, jibe Number of Passengers live oning, Date of break and Class of Travel.The train database has train enlarge like- rectify Name, railroad train Number, Route, From, To, inculcate Time, AC jump Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper, Second Sitting and Quota Management like General, Takkal.2. RequirementsThe train lucubrate populate of train name, train no, destination reached by the train, number of passengers traveling and number of butt joints available. We can add a pertly train expound.We can delete it in case of his repair.We can modify the train details in case of anyInconvenience the name and number of train can be changed its destination can besides be changed. The reservation details consist of passengers name, age, and sex destination they expect to reach, ticket a dd up, and seat number.2.1 Requirement Analysis- collectible to this knowledge project it leave behind be easier for the railway organization to make the customers journey as comfort as thinkable and so that to maintain the financial crisis of the dodge. mesh facilities cant be set asided inwardly the time schedule. The integration of this software with populate arranging is more complex in the restrain schedule.2.2 Requirement Specification-The need for railway reservation system is to organize the records of railway system in the computer base software. The main objective of this system is to provide an automated system to organize the files in guild for easy observance. This system volition allow adding, removing, modifying and updating the details of the trains and customer to database.3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION3.1 External port wine Requirements3.1.1 Hardware Requirements1. central wreakor Pentium 4 2. hale 1 GB 3. Hard magnetic disc 40GB4. Mouse Standard M ouse 5. Keyboard Logitech Keyboard 6. Processor Speed 2.4GHZ3.1.2 Software Requirements1. Operating System Microsoft Windows XP With Service Pack 2 2. Front-End Microsoft visual Studio 2005 3. Back-End Microsoft Access 20033.1.3 Display personal manner1. Color Quality Highest32 bit 2. Screen resolving power 1024 by 768 PixelsDevelopment and operating environment-This project is developed by,Using WIN 32 platform.Designing of screen shots with VB.Net.Coding by VB.NetSlide original by MS power point.Documentation by MS word.3.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION3.2.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS in operation(p) requirement for this project is map 1 Train elaborateThe staff of railway system moldiness be able to view the details of the train (i.e.) name, numbers of the train, destination, etc. of the train.DescriptionWhen a customer approaches they must be able to update the train details for customer convenience. foreplay Details of train (internal and external). starting time Trains. proce eds Number of passengers. terminal figure Area to be reached. do To update the train details we require the train name, number, destination, timing, number of seat available. REQUIRES The Database table having the details of the trains. PRECONDITION noneSIDE EFFECTS NoneFunction 2 Railway Reservation DetailsThe staff of railway system must be able to view the customer details for their reservation (i.e.) customer name, age, sex, seat number, ticket number. DescriptionWhen passenger approaches they must be able to update the train details for passengers reservation in specific train. INPUT Passengers details.SOURCE Trains.OUTPUT Reserved seats for the passengers.DESTINATION Area whither the passenger to be reached.ACTION To update the reservation details we require name of the passenger, age, sex etc. REQUIRES The data base having the details of the reservation. PRECONDITION The customers approach a hebdomad prior.POSTCONDITION None.SIDE EFFECTS None.3.2.2 NON- FUNCTIONAL REQUIREME NTS3.2.1 Reliability- The system is documentaryiable enough as the database permanently stored and clienteles can be kept easily , as well as the hard copies of various subjects likewise plays major roles here.3.2.2Availability- The system should be available all the time as and when required .The availibility may be complete for administrator or partial for others.3.2.3 Security- The system is secure enough , as special peivilages are given to other . They cannot make any modification to database.3.2.4Maintainability- The system should be easy to maintain for the administrator . do by MODEL DESCRIPTION-1. Administrator He is the superior drug user responsible for managing system users, pickings system backup,generating reports, maintaining organization details, starting time Sessions and coating Sessions and withalmanages various requests from different Types of users. Providing UserName, Password and other information required for the users to start an account. Starting Sessions The Administrator creates the system users and entrusting be assigned with the different roles. He is also responsible to start the session when a especial(a) user wants to use the system every time(It is automatically managed setup). Managing Data livelihood The Administrator is responsible for managing entire details by taking the backup periodically. He also takes the Backup of the database in order to pr circumstance loss of data on system smasheres or inorder to prevent malfunctioning. He can take a backup of entire database or a particular section. Crash Recovery The Administrator manages the crash recovery at the time of system crash orfailure occurs. Ending session The administrator is responsible for ending the session when the particular user logged out of the system(It is automatically managed setup).2. Train overlordThe Train Master is Admin side module. The Administrator only can Add, modify and Delete the train Details. The Train Master contains the foll owing details.a) Train Nameb) Train Noc) Sourced) Destinatione) digression Timef) Arrival Timeg) make sense poseh) Kilometersi) General Seats (1A, 2A, 3A, 2S, SL, CC)j) Takkal Seats (1A, 2A, 3A, 2S, SL, CC)k) Routes and Timings1.TICKET BOOKINGThe Ticket reservation is user (Employee of Railway Dept.) side module. The user can book the ticket using this module. The user should follow the steps for the ticket booking.a) First you should select the Source and Destination.b) Next, you should select the Date. speckle the date textbox got focus, the calendar forget viewing. By clicking the calendar, the date will be selected. And you cant select the yesterday and onward date.c) Select the Quota (General or Takkal).d) leaf the abide by button to find the trains which are available. remark1. If you select the Takkal Quota and the date is day after tomorrow in the sense, you cant book the ticket for Takkal Quota for that day. The Takkal Quota will alter only today and tomorrow onl y.e) subsequently clicking the find button, the available train total will be displayed in the bow storage-battery grid.f) By clicking the train number or train name in the rick grid, the Routebutton enabled. By clicking the passageway button, the corresponding train route, timings, and kms.g) By clicking the social class column to the corresponding train whichever you want to travel, hence Book button will enable.h) flicker the Book button to enter the Name, Age, Sex and Berth.i) After enrol the details, chaffer the Proceed Button.j) The frame will display the overall details like Source, Destination, Travel Date, schedule Date, Total Members, Quota and Total manage.k) Click the Confirm Button to confirm the details. whence only the Booking details will be stored and PNR Number will be generated.TICKET CANCELINGThe Ticket Canceling is also user (Employee of Railway Dept.) side module. The user can avoid the ticket using this module. The user should follow the steps f or the ticket Cancel.a) Enter the PNR Number in the Textbox and Click Find.b) It will show the details like Train No., Train Name, Booked Date, Travel Date, Source, Destination, Class, Quota, Total Fare, Kms in the Frame.c) It also shows the passenger names, Age, Sex, Berth, Class, Fare and status in the flex grid.d) Click the Name in the flex grid which you want to cancel and where the status is Booked.e) Click the Cancel Button to cancel the ticket.REPORTThe Report Module is also user (Employee of Railway Dept.) side Module. The user can take two fonts of reports by giving the PNR Number.a) Booked Ticketsb) Canceled Tickets3. Design and adept Specification4.1 Context Diagram-DATA rate of rise DIAGRAM-Data break away diagram is vivid representation that depicts information lam and the transforms that are applied as data move from comment to output. The underlying form of a data flow diagram, also cognise as a data flow graph or a sing chart. The data flow diagram may be used to represent a system or software at any level of abstraction. The data flow diagram are mainly sort out into two module they are,Level 0 data flow diagramLevel 1 data flow diagramLEVEL 0 DFD-The level 0 data flow diagram is also called as a fundamental system lesson or context stumper represents the entire software element as a single bubble with gossip and output data indicated by in(prenominal) and outgoing arrows, respectively. Additional Processes and information flow paths are represented. The level 0 data flow diagram of our project consists of module like passengersdetail, train detail, display etc.DFD for getting Display Train details. put down ONDisplay rail inDFD Requesting For BookingRequest for BookingGet Tickets rejoinderLEVEL 1 DFD The level 1 data flow diagram is resembling to level 0 diagram, but here the modules where explained in detailed manner. But in this module the work explanation for the project is represented.Data DictionaryHere the data dictio nary is again classified into two important data base they are Train Details.Reservation Details.DATA secondary chance upon Railway system.TABLE cognomen Train Detail. modernise account count figure SPECIFIED FOR A finicky TRAINNUMBER OF PASSENGERS TRAVELLINGNUMBERNUMBER OF PASSENGERS TRAVELLINGTICKET NUMBERNUMBERNUMBER SPECIFIED FOR A PARTICULAR TICKETNUMBER OF lay AVAILABLENUMBERNUMBER OF lay AVAILABLEDATA BASE NAME Railway System.TABLE NAME Reservation Detail.FIELD NAMEDATA causeDESCRIPTIONPASSENGER NAME text editionNAME OF THE PASSENGERPASSENGER termNUMBERAGE OF THE PASSENGER sexualityTEXTSEX(i.e.) MALE/FEMALETRAIN NUMBERNUMBERNUMBER OF THE TRAINDESTINATIONNUMBERDESTINATION REACHED BY THE TRAINTIMINGDATE/ measureTIME OF DEPATUREER-Diagram-The other tool for caper analysis is the Entity-Relationship Diagram, often called as ER Diagram. In other words, a model that represents system data by entity and relationship sets is called E-R (Entity-Relationship) diagram. It is a detailed logical representation of the data for an organization. The entity-relationship (E-R) diagram is based on a perception of a real world which consists of a set of rudimentaryobjects. E-R diagram is consists of three main constructs, i.e. Data Entities, Relationships and their Associated Attributes.Entities An entity is a person, place, thing or event of interest to the organization and approximately which data are captured, stored or neat. For example, an employee is an entity. Relationship An acquaintance of several entities in an entity-relationship diagram is called relationship. thither are three types of relationship exist among entities. These are One-to-OneOne-to-ManyMany-to-ManyAttributes Each entity type has a set of attributes associates with it. An attribute is a property of characteristics of an entity that is of interest to the organization. I use an initial Capital Letters, followed by minuscule Letters in naming an attribute. If an entity is something about which I want to store data, so I need to identify what specific pieces of data I want to store about each instance of a given entity. I call these pieces as data attributes.Code DevelopmentFlowchart-The course of instruction flow chart shows how the system proceed from the input from to the outout from of the system. It explain how the system is in reality processed step. It represent the flow of control as the system is processed. There are three types of program flow chart1. Input flow chat- This flowchart depicts the rudimentary input operation in the system. In railway reservation system, graduation of all the password is checked then if the password is valid then we process the input from if the data valid then the entries are updated in the data base other than the from id refilled. 2. Output flow chart- This flowchart depicts the basic output operations in the system. The user is required to enter the criteria for output. If it is for the reservation then the avai lability of seats is checked. If the seats are available then the confirmed ticket is generatedotherwise the user is asked for waiting and if he wants then waiting ticket is generated. If the user wants the seat to be cancelled it is make and the cancelled ticket is generated for the user. The information about all the above transaction is then transferred to the related databases. 3. Report flow Chart- This flow chart depicts the basic operations for the extension of reports. If the entries from basic operations for the generation of reports. If the entries from the processed database are valid the concerned report are generated otherwise the process will have to be repeatedComponent Level Design(Pseudo Code)6.Testing DocumentTesting is fundamentally a process to light upon errors in the software fruit. Before going into the details of raiseing techniques one should know what errors are. In day-to-day life we opine whenever something goes do by thither is an error. This defi nition is quite vast. When we contain this concept to software products then we say whenever there is difference between what is expect out of software and what is existence achieved, there is an error. Software establishing also provides an objective, mugwump view of the software to allow the descent to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of conclusion software bugs. Software interrogatory can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software program/application/product 1. meets the business and technical requirements that guided its design and development 2. works as expected andcan be implemented with the same characteristics.Software examination, depending on the rendering system employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process. However, most of the test effort occurs after the requireme nts have been defined and the coding process has been completed. As such, the methodology of the test is governed by the software development methodology adopted. 6.2 Black Box Testing with Test case design-Black box testing is a method of software testing that tests the functionality of an application as opposed to its internal constructions or workings . Specific knowledge of the applications code/internal structure and programming knowledge in usual is not required. The quizzer is only awake(predicate) of what the software is supposed to do, but not how i.e. when he enters a certain input, he gets a certain output without being aware of how the output was produced in the first place. Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to do. It uses external descriptions of the software, including specifications, requirements, and designs to attain test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually func tional. The test designer selects valid and invalid inputs and recovers the correct output. There is no knowledge of the test objects internal structure. ordinary black-box test design techniques include1. decision table testing2. All-pairs testing3. State transition tables4. Equivalence partitioning5. confines value analysisWhite Box Testing-White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, absolute box testing, and structural testing) is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e.blackbox testing). In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT). While white-box testing can be applied at the social unit, integration and sys tem levels of the software testing process, it is usually done at theunit level. It can test paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems during a systemlevel test. Though this method of test design can uncover many an(prenominal) errors or problems, it might not detect unimplemented parts of the specification or lacking(p) requirements.White-box test design techniques include1. manoeuvre flow testing2. Data flow testing3. Branch testing4. Path testing5. Statement Coverage6. finale Coverage